The compile() doc currently says ""This function raises SyntaxError if the compiled source is invalid, and ValueError if the source contains null bytes."  And indeed, in repository 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,

>>> compile('\0','','exec')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: source code string cannot contain null bytes

Ditto when run same in a file from IDLE or command line.  The exception sometimes when the null is in a comment or string within the code.

>>> '\0'
'\x00'
>>> #\0
>>> compile('#\0','','single', 0x200)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: source code string cannot contain null bytes
>>> compile('"\0"','','single', 0x200)
ValueError: source code string cannot contain null bytes

I am puzzled because "\0" and #\0 in the IDLE shell are sent as strings containing the string or comment to compiled with the call above in codeop.  There must be some difference in when \0 is interpreted.