Victor, your overflow test in the sre patch tests for TypeError, but OverflowError is actually raised:

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ERROR: test_dealloc (test.test_re.ReTests)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/antoine/cpython/debug/Lib/test/test_re.py", line 711, in test_dealloc
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, _sre.compile, "abc", 0, [long_overflow])
  File "/home/antoine/cpython/debug/Lib/unittest/case.py", line 394, in assertRaises
    callableObj(*args, **kwargs)
OverflowError: regular expression code size limit exceeded

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