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Assignable wrapper (C++20) - cppreference.com

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template< class T > requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::is_object_v<T> class /*copyable-box*/;

 (since C++20)
(until C++23)
(exposition only*)

template< class T > requires std::move_constructible<T> && std::is_object_v<T> class /*movable-box*/;

 (since C++23)
(exposition only*)

ranges::single_view, ranges::repeat_view,(since C++23) and range adaptors that store an invocable object are specified in terms of an exposition-only class template copyable-box(until C++23)movable-box(since C++23). The name shown here is for exposition purposes only.

The wrapper behaves exactly like std::optional<T>, except that the default constructor, copy assignment operator, and move assignment operator are (conditionally) different from those of std::optional, which augments T with assignability when needed and makes it always satisfy copyableor movable(since C++23).

If T is already copyable, or both std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T> and std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T> are true, /*copyable-box*/<T> may store only a T object, because it always contains a value.

(until C++23)

If T

/*movable-box*/<T> may store only a T object, because it always contains a value.

(since C++23)

Template parameters

Member functions

Default constructor

constexpr /*copyable-box*/() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>) requires std::default_initializable<T> : /*copyable-box*/(std::in_place) { }

 (since C++20)
(until C++23)

constexpr /*movable-box*/() noexcept(std::is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>) requires std::default_initializable<T> : /*movable-box*/(std::in_place) { }

 (since C++23)

The default constructor is provided if and only if T models default_initializable.

A default-constructed wrapper contains a value-initialized T object.

Assignment operators

(1)

constexpr /*copyable-box*/& operator=(const /*copyable-box*/& other); noexcept(/* see below */);

 (since C++20)
(until C++23)

constexpr /*movable-box*/& operator=(const /*movable-box*/& other); noexcept(/* see below */) requires std::copy_constructible<T>;

 (since C++23)
(2)

constexpr /*copyable-box*/& operator=(/*copyable-box*/&& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>);

 (since C++20)
(until C++23)

constexpr /*movable-box*/& operator=(/*movable-box*/&& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>);

 (since C++23)

1) If std::copyable<T> is not modeled, the copy assignment operator is equivalently defined as:

constexpr /*copyable-box*/& operator=(const /*copyable-box*/& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>) { if (this != std::addressof(other)) if (other) emplace(*other); else reset(); return *this; }

(until C++23)

constexpr /*movable-box*/& operator=(const /*movable-box*/& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>) requires std::copy_constructible<T> { if (this != std::addressof(other)) if (other) emplace(*other); else reset(); return *this; }

(since C++23)

Otherwise, it is identical to the copy assignment operator of std::optional.

2) If std::movable<T> is not modeled, the move assignment operator is equivalently defined as:

constexpr /*copyable-box*/& operator=(/*copyable-box*/&& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>) { if (this != std::addressof(other)) if (other) emplace(std::move(*other)); else reset(); return *this; }

(until C++23)

constexpr /*movable-box*/& operator=(/*movable-box*/&& other) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>) { if (this != std::addressof(other)) if (other) emplace(std::move(*other)); else reset(); return *this; }

(since C++23)

Otherwise, it is identical to the move assignment operator of std::optional.

Members identical to std::optional

Member functions

constructs the optional object
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
destroys the contained value, if there is one
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
assigns contents
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
Observers
accesses the contained value
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
checks whether the object contains a value
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
Modifiers
destroys any contained value
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]
constructs the contained value in-place
(public member function of std::optional<T>) [edit]

Notes

A copyable-box(until C++23)movable-box(since C++23) does not contain a value only if

  • T does not model movable or copyable, and an exception is thrown on move assignment or copy assignment respectively, or
  • it is initialized/assigned from another valueless wrapper.

Before P2325R3, the wrapper was called semiregular-box in the standard and always satisfied semiregular, as the default constructor was always provided (which might construct a valueless wrapper).

Feature-test macro Value Std Feature
__cpp_lib_ranges 201911L (C++20) Ranges library and constrained algorithms
202106L (C++20)
(DR)		 Non-default-initializable views
202207L (C++23) Relaxing range adaptors to allow for move-only types

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
P2325R3 C++20 if T is not default_initializable, the default constructor
constructs a wrapper which does not contain a value 		the wrapper is also
not default_initializable
LWG 3572 C++20 conditionally different assignment operators were not constexpr made constexpr

See also

a view that contains a single element of a specified value
(class template) (customization point object)[edit]
a view consisting of a generated sequence by repeatedly producing the same value
(class template) (customization point object)[edit]
a view that consists of the elements of a range that satisfies a predicate
(class template) (range adaptor object)[edit]
a view of a sequence that applies a transformation function to each element
(class template) (range adaptor object)[edit]
a view consisting of the initial elements of another view, until the first element on which a predicate returns false
(class template) (range adaptor object)[edit]
a view consisting of the elements of another view, skipping the initial subsequence of elements until the first element where the predicate returns false
(class template) (range adaptor object)[edit]
a view consisting of results of application of a transformation function to corresponding elements of the adapted views
(class template) (customization point object)[edit]
a view consisting of results of application of a transformation function to adjacent elements of the adapted view
(class template) (range adaptor object)[edit]