Esketamine's inhibition of the NMDA receptor on the GABA interneuron results in BDNF release and synaptogenesis

Rapid IPSPs produced by CBI-3 in the egestive buccal interneuron B20 (see Colocalization of GABA and Dopamine) were blocked by picrotoxin and bicuculline (Jing et al., 2003).

By immuno-histochemical staining, the authors have revealed extensive parvalbumin-positive interneuron and astrocyte dystrophy in important brain regions such as hippocampus in KO mice.

Several auditory interneurons have been identified in the brain as well as in the prothoracic ganglion which are thought to play a role in controlling phonotaxis.

"We took advantage of the fact that transplanted interneurons can integrate remarkably well into new brain tissues, and that each interneuron can control thousands of excitatory neurons," said Palop.

A previous study found that ASSRs induced energy in the gamma band was significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in healthy subjects.[7] A follow-up study suggested that it might be linked with volume changes in GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal cells[8], leading to excitation and inhibition deficits.

Incoming glutamatergic perforant path fibers form excitatory synapses on both the principal glutamatergic granule cells and neighboring GABAergic interneurons, for example, basket cells [28].

The mechanisms regarding GABAergic interneuron dysfunction remain to be further elucidated.

Importantly, chained GABAergic inhibitory neurons (inhibitory interneurons and Purkinje neurons) work mainly within the cerebrocerebellar loops, since dentate nucleus neurons (DNs) have weak mossy fiber collaterals (see Figure 1(b)) [23, 24].

A proportion of converted neurons was positive for GABA and the specific interneuron marker PV, suggesting that these neurons have the capacity to form inhibitory GABAergic synapses (Figure 2(d)).

Yan, "A[beta] impairs nicotinic regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission and interneuron excitability in prefrontal cortex," Molecular Neurodegeneration, vol.