Control variables include: assets, age, cash flows, deferred load, expense ratios, front-end load, fund family, fund focus, historical earnings growth, institutional, standard deviation, stock fund, turnover ratio, and 12b- 1 plan.

on management fees, front-end loads, fund and family size, date of

Fund B has a high front-end load but a moderate expense ratio.

For example, instead of charging a 6 percent front-end load, a mutual fund could recoup the same amount through a combination of an annual 1 percent 12b-1 fee and a CDSL of 6 percent that declines 1 percentage point per year until reaching zero after the sixth year.

Upfront commissions (a front-end load) and finder's fees were the least popular adviser compensation options, cited by approximately half of the companies.

(110.) A "front-end load" is a sales charge paid by investors upon the purchase of shares in a mutual fund.

The Lightstone Value Plus REIT, the industry's first "no front-end load" real estate investment trust, announced that it has acquired two Baymont Inn & Suites that it plans to immediately convert to Extended Stay Deluxe hotels and renovate over the next year.

This became a front-end load when current tax bills were computed.

Exec chairman Neil Balnaves' response was that the company still was in the startup phase and that it had to "front-end load the pipeline" of programming to ensure sales from the catalog for years to come.

Also note that, when compared to these alternatives, the option that combines a lower front-end load and a moderate 12b-1 fee is not a suitable option over any of the investment horizons.