In [1]: from numpy.testing import assert_no_gc_cycles

In [2]: def make_array_ctype(shape):
   ...:     import ctypes
   ...:     ct = ctypes.c_uint8
   ...:     for i in shape:
   ...:         ct = i * ct
   ...:

In [3]: assert_no_gc_cycles(make_array_ctype, (1,))
AssertionError: Reference cycles were found when calling make_array_ctype: 7 objects were collected, of which 6 are shown below:
  tuple object with id=2822255556536:
    (<class '_ctypes.Array'>,)
  PyCArrayType object with id=2822226500408:
    <class '__main__.c_ubyte_Array_1'>
  getset_descriptor object with id=2822252062256:
    <attribute '__dict__' of 'c_ubyte_Array_1' objects>
  getset_descriptor object with id=2822252062184:
    <attribute '__weakref__' of 'c_ubyte_Array_1' objects>
  tuple object with id=2822243712440:
    (<class '__main__.c_ubyte_Array_1'>,
     <class '_ctypes.Array'>,
     <class '_ctypes._CData'>,
     <class 'object'>)
  StgDict object with id=2822226211928:
    {'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'c_ubyte_Array_1' objects>,
     '__doc__': None,
     '__module__': '__main__',
     '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'c_ubyte_Array_1' objects>,
     '_length_': 1,
     '_type_': <class 'ctypes.c_ubyte'>}