the class uses the Windows ``CreateProcess()`` function. The arguments to

:class:`Popen` are as follows.

*args* should be a sequence of program arguments or else a single string or

:term:`path-like object`. By default, the program to execute is the first

item in *args* if *args* is a sequence. If *args* is a string, the

interpretation is platform-dependent and described below. See the *shell*

and *executable* arguments for additional differences from the default

behavior. Unless otherwise stated, it is recommended to pass *args* as a sequence.

*args* should be a sequence of program arguments or else a single string.

By default, the program to execute is the first item in *args* if *args* is

a sequence. If *args* is a string, the interpretation is

platform-dependent and described below. See the *shell* and *executable*

arguments for additional differences from the default behavior. Unless

otherwise stated, it is recommended to pass *args* as a sequence.

On POSIX, if *args* is a string, the string is interpreted as the name or

path of the program to execute. However, this can only be done if not

Popen destructor now emits a :exc:`ResourceWarning` warning if the child

process is still running.

.. versionchanged:: 3.7

*args*, or the first element of *args* if *args* is a sequence, can now

be a :term:`path-like object`.

Exceptions

^^^^^^^^^^

assert not pass_fds, "pass_fds not supported on Windows."

if not isinstance(args, str):

try:

args = os.fsdecode(args) # os.PathLike -> str

except TypeError: # not an os.PathLike, must be a sequence.

args = list(args)

args[0] = os.fsdecode(args[0]) # os.PathLike -> str

args = list2cmdline(args)

args = list2cmdline(args)

# Process startup details

if startupinfo is None:

if isinstance(args, (str, bytes)):

args = [args]

else:

try:

args = list(args)

except TypeError: # os.PathLike instead of a sequence?

args = [os.fsencode(args)] # os.PathLike -> [str]

args = list(args)

if shell:

# On Android the default shell is at '/system/bin/sh'.

env=newenv)

self.assertEqual(cp.returncode, 33)

def test_run_with_pathlike_path(self):

# bpo-31961: test run(pathlike_object)

class Path:

def __fspath__(self):

# the name of a command that can be run without

# any argumenets that exit fast

return 'dir' if mswindows else 'ls'

path = Path()

if mswindows:

res = subprocess.run(path, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, shell=True)

else:

res = subprocess.run(path, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)

self.assertEqual(res.returncode, 0)

def test_run_with_pathlike_path_and_arguments(self):

# bpo-31961: test run([pathlike_object, 'additional arguments'])

class Path:

def __fspath__(self):

# the name of a command that can be run without

# any argumenets that exits fast

return sys.executable

path = Path()

args = [path, '-c', 'import sys; sys.exit(57)']

res = subprocess.run(args)

self.assertEqual(res.returncode, 57)

def test_capture_output(self):

cp = self.run_python(("import sys;"

"sys.stdout.write('BDFL'); "

.. nonce: x5Sv0R

.. section: Library

*Removed in Python 3.7.0b2.*

The *args* argument of subprocess.Popen can now be a :term:`path-like

object`. If *args* is given as a sequence, it's first element can now be a

:term:`path-like object` as well.