new JSONObject(object) or JSONObject.wrap(object) does not work if the object is a record without @JSONPropertyName on its fields.

The flow eventually reaches out to JSONObject.getKeyNameFromMethod(Method method), and looking into the version 20250517 code, we can see that:

JSONPropertyName annotation = getAnnotation(method, JSONPropertyName.class);
if (annotation != null && annotation.value() != null && !annotation.value().isEmpty()) {
    return annotation.value();
}
String key;
final String name = method.getName();
if (name.startsWith("get") && name.length() > 3) {
    key = name.substring(3);
} else if (name.startsWith("is") && name.length() > 2) {
    key = name.substring(2);
} else {
    return null;
}

If the field is not annotated with @JSONPropertyName and if it doesn't start with get or is, then it will return null.
Since records don't use prefixes on getters, it will always be represented as {} an empty object.