Thomas Edison demonstrates a replica of the light bulb prototype
Spock creates a laser using a light bulb
A light bulb was a device that used an electrical current to produce light. Various types of light bulbs accomplished this in different ways.
On Earth the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison (ENT: "Storm Front, Part II"), but seemingly identical technology also existed on other planets, such as Ekos. (TOS: "Patterns of Force"
In an alternate 1944, Trip Tucker managed to escape Nazi captivity by smashing a light bulb, and using the glass shards to cut the ropes around his wrists. (ENT: "Storm Front, Part II")
Contrary to popular expectation, the Y2K bug did not turn out a single light bulb on New Year's Eve 2000. (VOY: "11:59")
In 2151, Jonathan Archer complained that you can't just yank out an antimatter injector as if it was merely a light bulb. (ENT: "Acquisition")
In 2268, Spock managed to utilize an Ekosian light bulb and a piece of rubindium to create a primitive laser. (TOS: "Patterns of Force")
Vic Fontaine once referred to himself as a light bulb, albeit one with "pretty sweet pipes", acknowledging the fact that, as a hologram, he was little more than photons and force fields. Doctor Bashir's friends were surprised that Fontaine was a self-aware hologram, something they had never seen before. (DS9: "His Way")