Fig. 48.3 and Table 48.1

Chromatin modifications regulated by drugs of abuse. The illustration (top) indicates histone octamers in a repressive (left) or permissive (right) state. Enzymes involved in maintaining these states and associated transcription factors are indicated and histone tails with specific residues are highlighted as targets of modification: H3 residues subject to methylation or acetylation are indicated in green on the left and H4 residues subject to acetylation are indicated in purple on the right. Table 48.1 lists histone tail modifications of specific residues that are altered in response to drugs of abuse. Arrows indicate an increase (yellow), decrease (blue), or no effect (gray) in specific modifications; Ø indicates that no information is available. 2Me, dimethylation; 3Me, trimethylation; Ac, acetylation; Amphet, amphetamine; AMY, amygdala; Bdnf, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CaMKII, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha; Cbp, CREB-binding protein; cFos, FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog; CPP, conditioned place preference; DG, dentate gyrus; Egr1, early growth response protein 1; Ehmt2, euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2; Gria1, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1; Gria2, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 2; Grin1, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 1; Grin2b, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 2B; LC, locus coeruleus; Meth, methamphetamine; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; Nr4a2, nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2; Otxr, oxytocin receptor; Pdyn, prodynorphin; Pnoc, pronociceptin; Dlg4, discs, large homolog 4; postsynaptic density protein 95, PSD-95; Suv39h1, suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1; VTA, ventral tegmental area; WD, withdrawal. (Modified with permission from Vialou et al. (2013).)