Succession stage/category Fruit type Specific Seed morphological size, mm adaptation Pioneers Meconopsis racemosa Capsule No adaptation 1-2 The early stage/dominant species Arenaria delavayi Capsule No adaptation Meconopsis horridula Capsule No adaptation Common species Draba oreodoxa Silicle No adaptation 4 Cremanthodium smithianum Achene Pappus 4 Polygonum macrophyllum Achene No adaptation 2.5-3 Carex capilliformis Nutlet No adaptation 2 The Middle stage/Dominant species Arenaria delavayi Capsule No adaptation Kobresia fragilis Nutlet No adaptation 2-2.4 Pedicularis rupicola Capsule No adaptation 3 Carex capilliformis Nutlet No adaptation 2 Carex kansuensis Nutlet No adaptation 2 Polygonum macrophyllum Achene No adaptation 2.5-3 Common species Pedicularis sp.

The 2-winged fruits are stipitate, dehiscent silicles. The fruit of F.

Fruits indehiscent, single-seeded, including siliques and silicles ranging from orbicular to oblong, obovate, ovate, or obpyriform, with septum lacking.

The fruits are cordate silicles flattened at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate); valves prominently reticulately veined, and keeled or winged (Appel and Al-Shehbaz, 2003).

C, F, L, S 2 1.7 Unidentified L 1 0.8 vegetation (1) Plant parts identified included achenes (A), rhizomes (B), seed capsules (C), florets and flowers (F), leaves (L), perigynia (P), seeds (S), silicles (SC), scales (SL), spikelets (SP), and siliques (SQ).