Having topicalised the issue, Abati now attempts to reinforce the ideology in the text by opting for the analytical tool of hypothesising.

Assuming the reasoning of Adger & Svenonius (2009), gender and Case features also play a role in syntax because gendered and Cased DPs can be topicalised and yield discourse-reference semantically.

(Old English) [On his dagum] sende Gregorius us fulluht on his days sent Gregory us baptism 'In his time, Gregory sent us Christianity.' In V2 environments the verb is in the second position following sentence-initial topicalised non-subjects.

This allows us to account for the position of topicalised constituents and the verb more effectively in examples where a non-subject XP targets some position above TP, but below CP.

For example, not only do they switch topics, but they also occupy the initial pre-subject position where topicalised and/or contrastive foci are usually located.

For example, doings have been topicalised as affordances and responses.

In relation to the effect of teacher preemptive lexically oriented FFEs, as illustrated in Table 1, the t values and the probability level (p = 0.000) denote statistical differences in the following matched pairs: reported learned lexical items and use of these items in the post-test, reported lexical items and use of these items in the delayed post-tests, and use of lexical items that had previously been topicalised in discourse in two moments: immediately after the lesson where the interaction had taken place and one week later.

* Co-occurrence of coordinate unsplit subjects with topicalised objects

What I find revealing is the fact that, whereas in sentences with single, non-coordinate subjects, topicalisation of NP objects--with or without subject inversion--was very common in Old English, the incidence of topicalised objects in sentences with complex, coordinate subjects is very low (only 16 instances in the whole corpus).

Topicalised NP objects (in either OVSn or OSnV structures) are focal due to their syntactic position, and on the other hand, coordinate subjects are inherently focal due to their complexity.

* Excluding those instances where the object is a relative pronoun, or a topicalised pronoun the object of a preposition.

Certainly, the most important function of DemNPs referring to non-nominal discourse units is to categorise them as nouns and therefore point them as topicalised in-focus objects of discourse.

As for the DemNPs with nominals, it can be argued that, although they usually maintain reference to in-focus topicalised units, this is not the only discourse function they perform; in fact, this is a secondary function which could be performed by another type of referential marker, namely ellipsis, a personal pronoun or a definite NP.

The last option is the situation where the OHG equivalent does not contain a complex verb phrase, but rather a simple verb which is topicalised:

Moreover, its complement may be topicalised while leaving the determinative in non-topicalised position, or otherwise separated ri'oto the quantifier, as in (19c).