In a second set of boxes, fall webworm caterpillars, dietary generalists, were provided with oak (A), maple (B), and tulip tree (C).

We believe that ability to survive on soybean is, in part, behaviorally based, in contrast to Berenbaum and Zangerl (1992) who detected no genetic variation for the behavioral component of host usage in parsnip webworms and Rausher (1982) who found no larval behavioral component in differential host usage between populations of the checkerspot butterfly.

Costs of inducible defense: protein limitation, growth, and detoxification in parsnip webworms. Ecology 75: 2311-2317.

Rather than needing to wait for leaves to fall and decompose, the tree is organically fed (at the proper time of the year) from the action of the feeding webworms.

Costs of inducible defense: protein limitation, and detoxification in parsnip webworms. Ecology 75: 2311-2317.

Webworms, cutworms, army worms and chinch bugs fall into the surface-active category.

I've found that tent caterpillars and army webworms come into orchards in spotlike fashion.

PEST PROBLEMS: Mimosa Wilt (destructive), webworms.

Caterpillars of various moth species (webworms) also are known to cause significant seabeach amaranth mortality.

(1996) found that damage by parsnip webworms to umbels decreased pollinator visitation to damaged umbels relative to control umbels.

Response of alder and willow to attack by tent caterpillars and webworms: Evidence for pheromonal sensitivity of willows.

But fall webworms are eating foliage that has spent a season returning on the energy investment made by the tree in the spring.

In the garden and orchard, this beneficial parasitism occurs on aphids, coddling moths, tomato hornworms, garden webworms and on many different caterpillars, beetles and flies.

Reduction in floral surface area, alteration of other visual or olfactory cues, changes in nectar volume or composition and physical confinement of florets within webbing may reduce the number of floral visitors, the length of visits, the number of seeds produced (beyond those eaten by webworms) and total reproductive biomass.

When the oakleaf hydrangea produces its first blooms, then fall webworms and mimosa webworm (the tent caterpillars) eggs hatch.