Several epidemiological studies of cancer (especially leukemia) and other disease incidence, birth defects, mortality, and other abnormalities have been conducted in communities near CANDU nuclear stations and other nuclear facilities in Canada. As expected by the low levels of radioactive emissions measured to date, there has been no evidence of a negative health effect in these populations.
"Radiation and Incidence of Cancer Around Ontario Nuclear Power Plants From 1990 to 2008 (The RADICON Study)", Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, May 2013
Clarke E.A., McLaughlin J., Anderson T.W., "Childhood Leukemia Around Canadian Nuclear Facilities - Phase I", Atomic Energy Control Board (now the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission), INFO-0300-1, Ottawa, Ontario, 1989
Clarke E.A., McLaughlin J., Anderson T.W., "Childhood Leukemia Around Canadian Nuclear Facilities - Phase II", Atomic Energy Control Board (now the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission), INFO-0300-2, Ottawa, Ontario, 1991
Johnson K.C., Rouleau J., "Tritium Releases From the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station and Birth Defects and Infant Mortality in Nearby Communities 1971-1988", Atomic Energy Control Board (now the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission), INFO-0401, Ottawa, Ontario, 1991
Green L.M., Dodds L., Miller A.B., Tomkins D.J., Li J., Escobar M., "Risk of Congenital Abnormalities in Children of Parents Occupationally Exposed to Low Level Ionizing Radiation", Occup Environ Med 54: 629-635, 1997
McLaughlin J., Anderson T.W., Clarke E.A., King W., "Occupational Exposure of Fathers to Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Leukaemia in Offspring - A Case-Control Study", Atomic Energy Control Board (now the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission), INFO-0424, Ottawa, Ontario, 1992
McLaughlin J., King W., Anderson T.W., Clarke E.A., Ashmore J.P., "Paternal Radiation Exposure and Leukaemia in Offspring: the Case-Control Study", Br Med J, 307: 959-966, 1993
Zablotska L.B., Ashmore J.P., Howe G.R., "Analysis of Mortality Among Canadian Nuclear Power Industry Workers After Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Ionizing Radiation", Radiat Res, 161: 633-641, 2004
Durham Region Health Dept., "Radiation and Health in Durham Region", The Regional Municipality of Durham, Whitby, Ontario, 2007
"Cancer Incidence in Port Hope: 1971 � 1996", Environmental Risk Assessment and Case Surveillance Division Cancer Bureau, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada, 2000
"Cancer and General Mortality in Port Hope: 1956 � 1997", Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Publication and Public health Branch, Health Canada, 2002
Kusiak, R., Howe, P.J., Standardized Mortality Ratios in Selected Urban Areas in Ontario between 1954 and 1978, Ontario Ministry of Labour, 1984
Steele, R., Lees, R.E.M., Roberts, J.H., Study of the Health Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Environmental Radiation Contamination in Port Hope, Ontario, June 1984
R.C. Nair, J.D. Abbatt, G.R. Howe, H.B. Newcombe, S.E. Frost, "Mortality Experience Among Workers in the Uranium Industry", University of Ottawa, Eldorado Resources Limited, National Cancer Institute of Canada.
"Port Hope Harbour Area of Concern: Health Data and Statistics for the Population of the Region (1986 � 1992)". A Technical Report for the RAP community, Great Lakes Health Effects Program, Environmental Health Effects Division, Health Protection Branch, Health Canada.