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The C++ std::utility::forward() function is designed to enable perfect forwarding of arguments. It allows you to preserve the value category (rvalue or lvalue) of the arguments passed to a function.

For example, if we use std::forward<T>(arg), where T is a rvalue, then it is forwarded as rvalue or viceversa.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for std::utility::forward() function.

forward (typename remove_reference<T>::type& arg) noexcept;
or
forward (typename remove_reference<T>::type&& arg) noexcept;

Parameters

• arg − It indicates an object.

Return Value

It returns an rvalue reference to arg if arg is not an lvalue reference.

Exceptions

This function never throws exceptions.

Data races

none

Example 1

In the following example, we are going to consider the basic usage of the forward() function.

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
void a(int & x) {
   std::cout << "Lvalue : " << x << std::endl;
}
void a(int && x) {
   std::cout << "Rvalue : " << x << std::endl;
}
template < typename T >
   void y(T && arg) {
      a(std::forward < T > (arg));
   }
int main() {
   int a = 11;
   y(a);
   y(2);
   return 0;
}

Output

Output of the above code is as follows −

Lvalue : 11
Rvalue : 2

utility.htm