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A Python cursor.executescript() function is used for executing multiple SQL commands at once. This takes a single string containing multiple SQL commands separated by semicolons. This function is useful for creating databases and performing multiple operations on a single set.

A cursor is an object that is used to execute SQL commands and retrieve data. When we create a cursor from the database connection, this retrieves SQL queries and results from the database.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for the cursor.executescript() function.

cursor.executescript(sql_script)

Parameters

Multiple SQL commands on a single string are separated by semicolons.

Return Value

This function is used to execute multiple SQL commands, and it returns None.

Example

Consider the following EMPLOYEES table, which stores employees ID, Name, Age, Salary, City and Country −

ID	Name	Age	Salary	City	Country
1	Ramesh	32	2000.00	Maryland	USA
2	Mukesh	40	5000.00	New York	USA
3	Sumit	45	4500.00	Muscat	Oman
4	Kaushik	25	2500.00	Kolkata	India
5	Hardik	29	3500.00	Bhopal	India
6	Komal	38	3500.00	Saharanpur	India
7	Ayush	25	3500.00	Delhi	India

Example 1

The below example selects all the names and cities of employees who are from India using cursor.executescript() function.

sql_script = ''' SELECT Name, City FROM employees WHERE country = 'India';'''
cursor.executescriot(sql_script)

Output

When we run the above code, we will get the following result −

Kaushik    Kolkata
Hardik     Bhopal
Komal      Saharanpur
Ayush      Delhi

Example 2

In the below example, we are calculating the average salary of the employees using cursor.executescript() function.

sql_script = ''' SeleCT AVG(Salary) AS Average_Salary FROM employees;'''
cursor.executescript(sql_script)

Output

The result is obtained as follows −

Average_Salary
3500.00

Example 3

We are now updating the salaries of employees whose salaries are now greater than 4000 using cursor.executescript() function.

sql_script = ''' UPDATE employees = SAlary *1.1 WHERE Country = 'India';
SELECT NAME, Salary FROM employees WHERE Salary > 4000;'''
cursor.executescript(sql_script)

Output

The result is produced as follows −

Mukesh 5000.00
Sumit  4500.00
Komal  3850.00

Example 4

In the below example, we are updating the statements by multiplying the salary by a string, which is not a valid operation. This function throws a TypeError because an integer value cannot be multiplied by a string.

sql_script = ''' UPDATE employees SET Salary = Salary * 'five' WHERE Salary > 5000;
SELECT Name, Salary FROM employees WHERE Salary > 4000;'''
try:
   cursor.executescript(sql_script)
except TypeError as e:
   print(f"TypeError: {e}")

Output

The result is produced as follows −

TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'

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