This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts a long value lval by calling

. After that:

• If lval < std::numeric_limits<short>::min(), sets failbit and stores std::numeric_limits<short>::min() to val.
• Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits<short>::max() < lval, sets failbit and stores std::numeric_limits<short>::max() to val.
• Otherwise, stores static_cast<short>(lval) to val.

This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts a long value lval by calling

. After that:

• If lval < std::numeric_limits<int>::min(), sets failbit and stores std::numeric_limits<int>::min() to val.
• Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits<int>::max() < lval, sets failbit and stores std::numeric_limits<int>::max() to val.
• Otherwise, stores static_cast<int>(lval) to val.

Determines the standard floating-point type FP as follows:

• If the floating-point conversion rank of /* extended-floating-point-type */ is less than or equal to that of float, then FP is float.
• Otherwise, if the floating-point conversion rank of /* extended-floating-point-type */ is less than or equal to that of double, then FP is double.
• Otherwise, FP is long double.

This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts an FP value fval by calling

. After that:

• If fval < -std::numeric_limits</* extended-floating-point-type */>::max(), sets failbit and stores -std::numeric_limits</* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() to val.
• Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits</* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() < fval, sets failbit and stores std::numeric_limits</* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() to val.
• Otherwise, stores static_cast</* extended-floating-point-type */>(fval) to val.

18) Behaves as an UnformattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, extracts all data from *this and stores it to sb. The extraction stops if one of the following conditions are met:

• end-of-file occurs on the input sequence;
• inserting in the output sequence fails (in which case the character to be inserted is not extracted);
• an exception occurs (in which case the exception is caught, and only rethrown if it inserted no characters and failbit is enabled in exceptions()).

In either case, stores the number of characters extracted in the member variable accessed by subsequent calls to gcount(). If sb is a null pointer or if no characters were inserted into sb, calls setstate(failbit) (which may throw std::ios_base::failure if enabled).

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

int main()
{
    std::string input = "41 3.14 false hello world";
    std::istringstream stream(input);
    
    int n;
    double f;
    bool b;
    
    stream >> n >> f >> std::boolalpha >> b;
    std::cout << "n = " << n << '\n'
              << "f = " << f << '\n'
              << "b = " << std::boolalpha << b << '\n';
    
    // extract the rest using the streambuf overload
    stream >> std::cout.rdbuf();
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

n = 41
f = 3.14
b = false
hello world