This is a python implementation of Factorization Machines [1]. This uses stochastic gradient descent with adaptive regularization as a learning method, which adapts the regularization automatically while training the model parameters. See [2] for details. From libfm.org: "Factorization machines (FM) are a generic approach that allows to mimic most factorization models by feature engineering. This way, factorization machines combine the generality of feature engineering with the superiority of factorization models in estimating interactions between categorical variables of large domain."
[1] Steffen Rendle (2012): Factorization Machines with libFM, in ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., 3(3), May. [2] Steffen Rendle: Learning recommender systems with adaptive regularization. WSDM 2012: 133-142
Installation
pip install git+https://github.com/coreylynch/pyFM
Dependencies
- numpy
- sklearn
Training Representation
The easiest way to use this class is to represent your training data as lists of standard Python dict objects, where the dict elements map each instance's categorical and real valued variables to its values. Then use a sklearn DictVectorizer to convert them to a design matrix with a one-of-K or “one-hot” coding.
Here's a toy example
from pyfm import pylibfm from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer import numpy as np train = [ {"user": "1", "item": "5", "age": 19}, {"user": "2", "item": "43", "age": 33}, {"user": "3", "item": "20", "age": 55}, {"user": "4", "item": "10", "age": 20}, ] v = DictVectorizer() X = v.fit_transform(train) print(X.toarray()) [[ 19. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0.] [ 33. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0.] [ 55. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0.] [ 20. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1.]] y = np.repeat(1.0,X.shape[0]) fm = pylibfm.FM() fm.fit(X,y) fm.predict(v.transform({"user": "1", "item": "10", "age": 24}))
Getting Started
Here's an example on some real movie ratings data.
First get the smallest movielens ratings dataset from http://www.grouplens.org/system/files/ml-100k.zip. ml-100k contains the files u.item (list of movie ids and titles) and u.data (list of user_id, movie_id, rating, timestamp).
import numpy as np from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer from pyfm import pylibfm # Read in data def loadData(filename,path="ml-100k/"): data = [] y = [] users=set() items=set() with open(path+filename) as f: for line in f: (user,movieid,rating,ts)=line.split('\t') data.append({ "user_id": str(user), "movie_id": str(movieid)}) y.append(float(rating)) users.add(user) items.add(movieid) return (data, np.array(y), users, items) (train_data, y_train, train_users, train_items) = loadData("ua.base") (test_data, y_test, test_users, test_items) = loadData("ua.test") v = DictVectorizer() X_train = v.fit_transform(train_data) X_test = v.transform(test_data) # Build and train a Factorization Machine fm = pylibfm.FM(num_factors=10, num_iter=100, verbose=True, task="regression", initial_learning_rate=0.001, learning_rate_schedule="optimal") fm.fit(X_train,y_train) Creating validation dataset of 0.01 of training for adaptive regularization -- Epoch 1 Training MSE: 0.59477 -- Epoch 2 Training MSE: 0.51841 -- Epoch 3 Training MSE: 0.49125 -- Epoch 4 Training MSE: 0.47589 -- Epoch 5 Training MSE: 0.46571 -- Epoch 6 Training MSE: 0.45852 -- Epoch 7 Training MSE: 0.45322 -- Epoch 8 Training MSE: 0.44908 -- Epoch 9 Training MSE: 0.44557 -- Epoch 10 Training MSE: 0.44278 ... -- Epoch 98 Training MSE: 0.41863 -- Epoch 99 Training MSE: 0.41865 -- Epoch 100 Training MSE: 0.41874 # Evaluate preds = fm.predict(X_test) from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error print("FM MSE: %.4f" % mean_squared_error(y_test,preds)) FM MSE: 0.9227
Classification example
import numpy as np from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split from pyfm import pylibfm from sklearn.datasets import make_classification X, y = make_classification(n_samples=1000,n_features=100, n_clusters_per_class=1) data = [ {v: k for k, v in dict(zip(i, range(len(i)))).items()} for i in X] X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(data, y, test_size=0.1, random_state=42) v = DictVectorizer() X_train = v.fit_transform(X_train) X_test = v.transform(X_test) fm = pylibfm.FM(num_factors=50, num_iter=10, verbose=True, task="classification", initial_learning_rate=0.0001, learning_rate_schedule="optimal") fm.fit(X_train,y_train) Creating validation dataset of 0.01 of training for adaptive regularization -- Epoch 1 Training log loss: 1.91885 -- Epoch 2 Training log loss: 1.62022 -- Epoch 3 Training log loss: 1.36736 -- Epoch 4 Training log loss: 1.15562 -- Epoch 5 Training log loss: 0.97961 -- Epoch 6 Training log loss: 0.83356 -- Epoch 7 Training log loss: 0.71208 -- Epoch 8 Training log loss: 0.61108 -- Epoch 9 Training log loss: 0.52705 -- Epoch 10 Training log loss: 0.45685 # Evaluate from sklearn.metrics import log_loss print "Validation log loss: %.4f" % log_loss(y_test,fm.predict(X_test)) Validation log loss: 1.5025