This repo contains a list of virtual machines and tools that execute the WebAssembly(wasm) format and/or compile it to executable machine code

Legend

🚀 - Active development
😴 - Unmaintained (been more than a year since last commit)

CONTENTS

• aWsm ^🚀
  
• Chicory ^🚀
  
• CMM of Wasm ^😴
  
• EOSVM ^🚀
  
• Extism ^🚀
  
• FDVM ^😴
  
• Fizzy ^🚀
  
• GraalWASM ^🚀
  
• Happy New Moon With Report ^🚀
  
• inNative ^🚀
  
• Life ^😴
  
• Lucet ^🚀
  
• wasm3 ^🚀
  
• Motor ^😴
  
• py-wasm ^😴
  
• Serverless Wasm ^😴
  
• Swam ^🚀
  
• VMIR ^😴
  
• wac ^😴
  
• Wagon ^😴
  
• WAKit ^🚀
  
• Warpy ^😴
  
• WasmEdge ^🚀
  
• Wasmer ^🚀
  
• Wasmi ^🚀
  
• Wasmo ^🚀
  
• WasmRT ^😴
  
• Wasmtime ^🚀
  
• WasmVM ^🚀
  
• WasmVM ^😴
  
• WAVM ^😴
  
• WebAssembly ^😴
  
• WebAssembly Micro Runtime ^🚀
  
• Wizard Research Engine ^🚀
  
• TWVM ^🚀
  
• wazero ^🚀
  

aWsm ^top⇈

aWsm is a compiler and runtime for compiling WebAssembly (Wasm) code into llvm bytecode, then into sandboxed binaries you can run on various platforms.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Chicory ^top⇈

Chicory is a JVM native WebAssembly runtime. It allows you to run WebAssembly programs with zero native dependencies or JNI.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • WASI

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • JRuby (Ruby prism parser)
  • Apache Camel

• Platforms supported

CMM of Wasm ^top⇈

A compiler from WebAssembly to native code, via the OCaml backend.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

EOSVM ^top⇈

EOS VM is designed from the ground up for the high demands of blockchain applications which require far more from a WebAssembly engine than those designed for web browsers or standards development.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Extism ^top⇈

Extism's goal is to make all software programmable, and is a flexible, embedded runtime to make it easy to extend your software with WebAssembly.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  SDKs to execute WebAssembly in:

  • Browser
  • C
  • C++
  • .NET
  • Elixir
  • Go
  • Haskell
  • Java
  • Node
  • OCaml
  • PHP
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • Rust
  • Zig

  PDKs to create WebAssembly plug-ins in:

  • Rust
  • JavaScript
  • Go
  • Haskell
  • AssemblyScript
  • C
  • C++
  • Zig

• Host APIs supported

  • module loading & linking via Manifest
  • WASI
  • non-WASI http_request

• Platforms supported

FDVM ^top⇈

WASM runtime to develop server-side WebAssembly applications.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Fizzy ^top⇈

Fizzy aims to be a fast, deterministic, and pedantic WebAssembly interpreter written in C++.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

  • N/A

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

GraalWasm ^top⇈

GraalWasm is a WebAssembly engine implemented in the GraalVM. It can interpret and compile WebAssembly programs in the binary format, or be embedded into other programs.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  Java

  JVM

  Graal supported languages

• Non-MVP features supported

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • GraalVM JavaScript - A high performance implementation of the JavaScript programming language.

• Platforms supported

Happy New Moon With Report ^top⇈

Happy New Moon with Report is an open-source implementation of WebAssembly written entirely in Java. It is used to run or test Web Assembly Modules (*.wasm) in Java.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

  • N/A

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

• Non-MVP features supported

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

inNative ^top⇈

An AOT (ahead-of-time) compiler for WebAssembly that creates C compatible binaries, either as sandboxed plugins you can dynamically load, or as stand-alone executables that interface directly with the operating system.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  Multiple Result and Block Parameters

  Name Section

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

  Non-trapping Conversion Instructions

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Life ^top⇈

Life is a secure & fast WebAssembly VM built for decentralized applications, written in Go by Perlin Network.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Lucet ^top⇈

Lucet is a native WebAssembly compiler and runtime. It is designed to safely execute untrusted WebAssembly programs inside your application.

NOTE: Lucet is now in maintenance mode. Work has been moved to wasmtime.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Wasm3 ^top⇈

🚀 A high performance WebAssembly interpreter

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  Python

  C/C++

  Rust

  Go

  Zig

  Swift

  C#/.Net

• Non-MVP features supported

  Multi-Value

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign-extension operators

  Non-trapping conversions

  Name Section

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • wasmcloud - A platform for writing portable business logic
  • Shareup - Fast, private sharing for everyone
  • WowCube - An nnovative console and the gaming platform
  • txiki.js -A small and powerful JavaScript runtime

• Platforms supported

  Windows

  Linux (any arch)

  macOS (any arch)

  FreeBSD (any arch)

  Android

  OpenWRT

  SBC/MCU

  Arduino

Motor ^top⇈

Motor is a WebAssembly runtime, which aims for secure and efficient execution of WebAssembly programs

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

py-wasm ^top⇈

A python implementation of the WebAssembly interpreter

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Serverless wasm ^top⇈

A small demo of Web Assembly's potential outside of browsers

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Swam ^top⇈

WebAssembly engine in Scala

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

VMIR ^top⇈

VMIR is a standalone library written in C that can parse and execute WebAssembly and LLVM Bitcode files

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A
  • N/A

• Platforms supported

wac ^top⇈

A Minimal WebAssembly interpreter written in C.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

wagon ^top⇈

Wagon is a WebAssembly-based interpreter in Go, for Go.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

WAKit ^top⇈

A WebAssembly runtime written in Swift.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Warpy ^top⇈

WebAssembly interpreter in RPython.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

WasmEdge ^top⇈

A lightweight, high-performance, and extensible WebAssembly runtime for cloud native, edge, and decentralized applications. Project under CNCF.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  Solidity

  Rust

  C/C++

  Go/TinyGo

  JavaScript

  Python

  Grain

  Swift

  Zig

  Ruby

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  SIMD

  Multi-Memory

  Multi-Value

  Reference Types

  Sign Extension Instructions

  Non-Trapping Float-to-Int Conversions

  Mutable Global

• Host APIs supported

  WASI

  Networking Socket

  TensorFlow

  Command Interface

  Image Processing

• Non-web standards

  WASI

  Gas Metering

  Ethereum Environment Interface

  Oasis

  Substrate

• Used by

  • Suborbital
  • crun
  • SuperEdge
  • OpenYurt
  • Dapr
  • Yomo
  • Oasis ETH ParaTime

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  Android

  OpenHarmony

  seL4 RTOS

Wasmer ^top⇈

Wasmer is a standalone WebAssembly runtime for running WebAssembly outside of the browser, supporting WASI and Emscripten.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

  Singlepass

  Cranelift (Default)

  LLVM

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  Rust

  PHP

  C

  C++

  Python

  Go

  PHP

  Java

  Ruby

  Postgres

  C#/.Net

  Elixir

  R

  D

  Swift

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  SIMD

  Multi Value returns

  Name Section

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • Spacemesh Virtual Machine - A Spacemesh smart contracts vm
  • CosmWasm - A Cosmos-compatible library for running wasm smart contracts
  • NEAR Protocol - The reference client for NEAR protocol
  • Dprint - Pluggable and configurable code formatting platform

• Platforms supported

  Linux (x64, aarch64, x86)

  macOS (x64, arm64)

  Windows (x64, x86)

  FreeBSD (x64)

  Android

Wasmi ^top⇈

A Wasm interpreter.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Non-trapping conversions

  Multi-Value

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Reference Types

  Tail Calls

  Extended Const

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  Substrate

  smoldot

  Ayaka Game Engine

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  WebAssembly

Wasmo ^top⇈

A WebAssembly Runtime and Compiler based on LLVM.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

wasmrt ^top⇈

wasmrt is a runtime built for native execution of WebAssembly modules (virtualized at first, eventually JIT).

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Wasmtime ^top⇈

Wasmtime is a standalone wasm-only runtime for WebAssembly, using the Cranelift JIT

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

• Non-MVP features supported

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • Wasmi: an efficient WebAssembly interpreter that is used by Substrate, a next-generation framework for blockchain innovation.

• Platforms supported

WasmVM ^top⇈

An unofficial standalone WebAssembly process virtual machine

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

wasmvm ^top⇈

WebAssembly Virtual Machine, which aim to fit embedded systems.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

WAVM ^top⇈

WebAssembly Virtual Machine, which aim to fit embedded systems.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Threads

  SIMD

  Multiple Result and Block Parameters

  Exception Handling

  Name Section

  Reference Types

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Sign Extension Instructions

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

  • WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

webassembly ^top⇈

An experimental, minimal toolkit and runtime on top of node to produce and run WebAssembly modules

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

WAMR ^top⇈

WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a standalone WebAssembly (WASM) runtime with small footprint

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

  Interpreted

  AOT-Modules

  JIT

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • Non-trapping float-to-int conversions
  • Sign-extension operators
  • Bulk memory operations
  • Shared memory
  • Multi-value
  • Tail-call

• Host APIs supported

  • wasm-c-api

• Non-web standards

  • WASI

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

  Linux

  macOS

  Windows

  AliOS-Things

  Android

  Linux-SGX

  Nuttx

  VxWorks

  Zephyr

TWVM ^top⇈

A tiny and efficient WebAssembly virtual machine.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  • N/A

• Host APIs supported

  • N/A

• Non-web standards

  • N/A

• Used by

  • N/A

• Platforms supported

Wizard ^top⇈

Wizard is a WebAssembly 1.0 and 2.0 spec-compliant runtime written in Virgil, with zero platform dependencies. It features a fast interpreter, baseline compilation, and advanced dynamic analysis.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Import/Export of Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Multi-Value Returns

  Name Section

  Non-trapping float-to-int conversions

  Reference Types

  SIMD

  Tail-call

  GC

  Exception Handling

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

• Platforms supported

  Linux (amd64, x86)

  macOs (amd64)

  Java (java5)

  Wasm 1.0

wazero ^top⇈

wazero is a WebAssembly 1.0 and 2.0 spec compliant runtime written in Go, with zero platform dependencies.

• Languages written in

• Compiler framework

• Compilation / Execution modes

• Interoperability with other languages

  • N/A

• Non-MVP features supported

  Bulk Memory Operations

  Import/Export of Mutable Globals

  Sign-extension operators

  Multi-Value Returns

  Name Section

  Non-trapping float-to-int conversions

  Reference Types

  SIMD

• Host APIs supported

• Non-web standards

• Used by

  • dapr - APIs that simplify microservice connectivity
  • trivy - vulnerability/misconfiguration/secret scanner for containers and other artifacts
  • wapc-go - WebAssembly Host Runtime for waPC-compliant modules

• Platforms supported

  FreeBSD (amd64)

  Linux (amd64, arm64, riscv64)

  macOs (amd64)

  Windows (amd64)

License

To the extent possible under law, Steve Akinyemi has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.