* bpo-40791: Make compare_digest more constant-time.

The existing volatile `left`/`right` pointers guarantee that the reads will all occur, but does not guarantee that they will be _used_. So a compiler can still short-circuit the loop, saving e.g. the overhead of doing the xors and especially the overhead of the data dependency between `result` and the reads. That would change performance depending on where the first unequal byte occurs. This change removes that optimization.

(This is change GH-1 from https://bugs.python.org/issue40791 .)
(cherry picked from commit 3172936)

Co-authored-by: Devin Jeanpierre <jeanpierreda@google.com>

* bpo-40791: Make compare_digest more constant-time.

The existing volatile `left`/`right` pointers guarantee that the reads will all occur, but does not guarantee that they will be _used_. So a compiler can still short-circuit the loop, saving e.g. the overhead of doing the xors and especially the overhead of the data dependency between `result` and the reads. That would change performance depending on where the first unequal byte occurs. This change removes that optimization.

(This is change GH-1 from https://bugs.python.org/issue40791 .)
(cherry picked from commit 3172936)

Co-authored-by: Devin Jeanpierre <jeanpierreda@google.com>

The existing volatile `left`/`right` pointers guarantee that the reads will all occur, but does not guarantee that they will be _used_. So a compiler can still short-circuit the loop, saving e.g. the overhead of doing the xors and especially the overhead of the data dependency between `result` and the reads. That would change performance depending on where the first unequal byte occurs. This change removes that optimization.

(This is change GH-1 from https://bugs.python.org/issue40791 .)
(cherry picked from commit 3172936)

Co-authored-by: Devin Jeanpierre <jeanpierreda@google.com>

…ythonGH-23767)

The existing volatile `left`/`right` pointers guarantee that the reads will all occur, but does not guarantee that they will be _used_. So a compiler can still short-circuit the loop, saving e.g. the overhead of doing the xors and especially the overhead of the data dependency between `result` and the reads. That would change performance depending on where the first unequal byte occurs. This change removes that optimization.

(This is change GH-1 from https://bugs.python.org/issue40791 .)
(cherry picked from commit 3172936)

Co-authored-by: Devin Jeanpierre <jeanpierreda@google.com>

)

Fix test_gdb.test_pycfunction() for Python built with clang -Og.
Tolerate inlined functions in the gdb traceback.

When _testcapimodule.c is built by clang -Og, _null_to_none() is
inlined in meth_varargs() and so gdb returns _null_to_none() as
the frame #1. If it's not inlined, meth_varargs() is the frame #1.

`struct exception_print_context.need_close` was uninitialized.

Found by oss-fuzz in a test case running under the undefined behavior sanitizer.

https://oss-fuzz.com/testcase-detail/6217746058182656

```
Python/pythonrun.c:1241:28: runtime error: load of value 253, which is not a valid value for type 'bool'
    #0 0xbf2203 in print_chained cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1241:28
    #1 0xbea4bb in print_exception_cause_and_context cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1320:19
    #2 0xbea4bb in print_exception_recursive cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1470:13
    #3 0xbe9e39 in _PyErr_Display cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1517:9
```

Pretty obvious what the ommission was upon code inspection.

…python#91466)

Fix an uninitialized bool in exception print context.
    
`struct exception_print_context.need_close` was uninitialized.
    
Found by oss-fuzz in a test case running under the undefined behavior sanitizer.
    
https://oss-fuzz.com/testcase-detail/6217746058182656
    
```
Python/pythonrun.c:1241:28: runtime error: load of value 253, which is not a valid value for type 'bool'
    #0 0xbf2203 in print_chained cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1241:28
    #1 0xbea4bb in print_exception_cause_and_context cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1320:19
    #2 0xbea4bb in print_exception_recursive cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1470:13
    #3 0xbe9e39 in _PyErr_Display cpython3/Python/pythonrun.c:1517:9
```
    
Pretty obvious what the ommission was upon code inspection.