Expand Up @@ -921,6 +921,46 @@ it is sufficient to raise :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` directly from ``None``. The latter indicates that the meta path search should continue, while raising an exception terminates it immediately.
.. _relativeimports:
Package Relative Imports ========================
Relative imports use leading dots. A single leading dot indicates a relative import, starting with the current package. Two or more leading dots indicate a relative import to the parent(s) of the current package, one level per dot after the first. For example, given the following package layout::
package/ __init__.py subpackage1/ __init__.py moduleX.py moduleY.py subpackage2/ __init__.py moduleZ.py moduleA.py
In either ``subpackage1/moduleX.py`` or ``subpackage1/__init__.py``, the following are valid relative imports::
from .moduleY import spam from .moduleY import spam as ham from . import moduleY from ..subpackage1 import moduleY from ..subpackage2.moduleZ import eggs from ..moduleA import foo
Absolute imports may use either the ``import <>`` or ``from <> import <>`` syntax, but relative imports may only use the second form; the reason for this is that::
import XXX.YYY.ZZZ
should expose ``XXX.YYY.ZZZ`` as a usable expression, but .moduleY is not a valid expression.

Special considerations for __main__ =================================== Expand Down