CI: Add LTO support to clang in dist-x86_64-linux by clubby789 · Pull Request #134690 · rust-lang/rust
rustbot
added
A-testsuite
labels
Dec 23, 2024bors added a commit to rust-lang-ci/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 23, 2024CI: Add LTO support to clang in dist-x86_64-linux After rust-lang/cc-rs#1279, we attempt to pass `-flto=thin` to clang. In `dist-x86_64-linux`, we don't build clang with the `LLVMgold.so` library so this fails. This attempts to resolve this First, pass the binutils plugin include directory to Clang, [which will build the library](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/2d6d723a85c2d007b0359c206d66cd2e5a9f00e1/llvm/docs/GoldPlugin.rst#how-to-build-it) Second, this library depends on the *version of libstdc++ that we built* specifically. However, despite both the RPATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH pointing to `/rustroot/lib`, we incorrectly resolve to the system libstdc++, which doesn't load. ``` # LD_DEBUG=libs,files 2219: file=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; needed by /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so [0] 2219: find library=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; searching 2219: search path=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib (RPATH from file /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so) 2219: trying file=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib/libstdc++.so.6 2219: search path=/usr/lib64/tls:/usr/lib64 (system search path) 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/tls/libstdc++.so.6 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 ``` Using `LD_PRELOAD` causes it to correctly load the library I think this is probably not the most maintainable way to do this, so opening to see if this is desired and if there's a better way of doing this
bors added a commit to rust-lang-ci/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 27, 2024Strip debuginfo from rustc-main and rustdoc r? `@Kobzol` Split from rust-lang#134690
bors added a commit to rust-lang-ci/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 27, 2024CI: Add LTO support to clang in dist-x86_64-linux After rust-lang/cc-rs#1279, we attempt to pass `-flto=thin` to clang. In `dist-x86_64-linux`, we don't build clang with the `LLVMgold.so` library so this fails. This attempts to resolve this First, pass the binutils plugin include directory to Clang, [which will build the library](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/2d6d723a85c2d007b0359c206d66cd2e5a9f00e1/llvm/docs/GoldPlugin.rst#how-to-build-it) Second, this library depends on the *version of libstdc++ that we built* specifically. However, despite both the RPATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH pointing to `/rustroot/lib`, we incorrectly resolve to the system libstdc++, which doesn't load. ``` # LD_DEBUG=libs,files 2219: file=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; needed by /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so [0] 2219: find library=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; searching 2219: search path=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib (RPATH from file /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so) 2219: trying file=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib/libstdc++.so.6 2219: search path=/usr/lib64/tls:/usr/lib64 (system search path) 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/tls/libstdc++.so.6 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 ``` Using `LD_PRELOAD` causes it to correctly load the library I think this is probably not the most maintainable way to do this, so opening to see if this is desired and if there's a better way of doing this try-job: dist-i686-linux
bors added a commit to rust-lang-ci/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 27, 2024Strip debuginfo from rustc-main and rustdoc r? `@Kobzol` Split from rust-lang#134690
bors
added
S-waiting-on-bors
and removed S-waiting-on-review
Status: Awaiting review from the assignee but also interested parties.labels
Dec 27, 2024poliorcetics pushed a commit to poliorcetics/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 28, 2024Strip debuginfo from rustc-main and rustdoc r? `@Kobzol` Split from rust-lang#134690
poliorcetics pushed a commit to poliorcetics/rust that referenced this pull request
Dec 28, 2024CI: Add LTO support to clang in dist-x86_64-linux After rust-lang/cc-rs#1279, we attempt to pass `-flto=thin` to clang. In `dist-x86_64-linux`, we don't build clang with the `LLVMgold.so` library so this fails. This attempts to resolve this First, pass the binutils plugin include directory to Clang, [which will build the library](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/2d6d723a85c2d007b0359c206d66cd2e5a9f00e1/llvm/docs/GoldPlugin.rst#how-to-build-it) Second, this library depends on the *version of libstdc++ that we built* specifically. However, despite both the RPATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH pointing to `/rustroot/lib`, we incorrectly resolve to the system libstdc++, which doesn't load. ``` # LD_DEBUG=libs,files 2219: file=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; needed by /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so [0] 2219: find library=libstdc++.so.6 [0]; searching 2219: search path=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib (RPATH from file /rustroot/bin/../lib/LLVMgold.so) 2219: trying file=/rustroot/bin/../lib/../lib/libstdc++.so.6 2219: search path=/usr/lib64/tls:/usr/lib64 (system search path) 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/tls/libstdc++.so.6 2219: trying file=/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 ``` Using `LD_PRELOAD` causes it to correctly load the library I think this is probably not the most maintainable way to do this, so opening to see if this is desired and if there's a better way of doing this
wip-sync pushed a commit to NetBSD/pkgsrc-wip that referenced this pull request
Feb 23, 2025Pkgsrc changes relative to rust184: * patch reorganization to deal with new version of upstream vendored crates, checksum updates. Version 1.85.0 (2025-02-20) ========================== Language -------- - [The 2024 Edition is now stable.] (rust-lang/rust#133349) See [the edition guide] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/edition-guide/rust-2024/index.html) for more details. - [Stabilize async closures] (rust-lang/rust#132706) See [RFC 3668] (https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3668-async-closures.html) for more details. - [Stabilize `#[diagnostic::do_not_recommend]`] (rust-lang/rust#132056) - [Add `unpredictable_function_pointer_comparisons` lint to warn against function pointer comparisons] (rust-lang/rust#118833) - [Lint on combining `#[no_mangle]` and `#[export_name]` attributes.] (rust-lang/rust#131558) Compiler -------- - [The unstable flag `-Zpolymorphize` has been removed] (rust-lang/rust#133883), see rust-lang/compiler-team#810 for some background. Platform Support ---------------- - [Promote `powerpc64le-unknown-linux-musl` to tier 2 with host tools] (rust-lang/rust#133801) Refer to Rust's [platform support page][platform-support-doc] for more information on Rust's tiered platform support. Libraries --------- - [Panics in the standard library now have a leading `library/` in their path] (rust-lang/rust#132390) - [`std::env::home_dir()` on Windows now ignores the non-standard `$HOME` environment variable] (rust-lang/rust#132515) It will be un-deprecated in a subsequent release. - [Add `AsyncFn*` to the prelude in all editions.] (rust-lang/rust#132611) Stabilized APIs --------------- - [`BuildHasherDefault::new`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/hash/struct.BuildHasherDefault.html#method.new) - [`ptr::fn_addr_eq`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/fn.fn_addr_eq.html) - [`io::ErrorKind::QuotaExceeded`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.QuotaExceeded) - [`io::ErrorKind::CrossesDevices`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.CrossesDevices) - [`{float}::midpoint`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/primitive.f32.html#method.midpoint) - [Unsigned `{integer}::midpoint`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.u64.html#method.midpoint) - [`NonZeroU*::midpoint`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/num/type.NonZeroU32.html#method.midpoint) - [impl `std::iter::Extend` for tuples with arity 1 through 12] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Extend.html#impl-Extend%3C(A,)%3E-for-(EA,)) - [`FromIterator<(A, ...)>` for tuples with arity 1 through 12] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html#impl-FromIterator%3C(EA,)%3E-for-(A,)) - [`std::task::Waker::noop`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/task/struct.Waker.html#method.noop) These APIs are now stable in const contexts: - [`mem::size_of_val`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html) - [`mem::align_of_val`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html) - [`Layout::for_value`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.for_value) - [`Layout::align_to`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.align_to) - [`Layout::pad_to_align`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.pad_to_align) - [`Layout::extend`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.extend) - [`Layout::array`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.array) - [`std::mem::swap`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.swap.html) - [`std::ptr::swap`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/fn.swap.html) - [`NonNull::new`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.new) - [`HashMap::with_hasher`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.with_hasher) - [`HashSet::with_hasher`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#method.with_hasher) - [`BuildHasherDefault::new`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/hash/struct.BuildHasherDefault.html#method.new) - [`<float>::recip`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.recip) - [`<float>::to_degrees`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.to_degrees) - [`<float>::to_radians`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.to_radians) - [`<float>::max`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.max) - [`<float>::min`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.min) - [`<float>::clamp`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.clamp) - [`<float>::abs`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.abs) - [`<float>::signum`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.signum) - [`<float>::copysign`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.copysign) - [`MaybeUninit::write`] (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#method.write) Cargo ----- - [Add future-incompatibility warning against keywords in cfgs and add raw-idents] (rust-lang/cargo#14671) - [Stabilize higher precedence trailing flags] (rust-lang/cargo#14900) - [Pass `CARGO_CFG_FEATURE` to build scripts] (rust-lang/cargo#14902) Rustdoc ----- - [Doc comment on impl blocks shows the first line, even when the impl block is collapsed] (rust-lang/rust#132155) Compatibility Notes ------------------- - [`rustc` no longer treats the `test` cfg as a well known check-cfg] (rust-lang/rust#131729), instead it is up to the build systems and users of `--check-cfg`[^check-cfg] to set it as a well known cfg using `--check-cfg=cfg(test)`. This is done to enable build systems like Cargo to set it conditionally, as not all source files are suitable for unit tests. [Cargo (for now) unconditionally sets the `test` cfg as a well known cfg] (rust-lang/cargo#14963). [^check-cfg]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg.html - [Disable potentially incorrect type inference if there are trivial and non-trivial where-clauses] (rust-lang/rust#132325) - `std::env::home_dir()` has been deprecated for years, because it can give surprising results in some Windows configurations if the `HOME` environment variable is set (which is not the normal configuration on Windows). We had previously avoided changing its behavior, out of concern for compatibility with code depending on this non-standard configuration. Given how long this function has been deprecated, we're now fixing its behavior as a bugfix. A subsequent release will remove the deprecation for this function. - [Make `core::ffi::c_char` signedness more closely match that of the platform-default `char`] (rust-lang/rust#132975) This changed `c_char` from an `i8` to `u8` or vice versa on many Tier 2 and 3 targets (mostly Arm and RISC-V embedded targets). The new definition may result in compilation failures but fixes compatibility issues with C. The `libc` crate matches this change as of its 0.2.169 release. - [When compiling a nested `macro_rules` macro from an external crate, the content of the inner `macro_rules` is now built with the edition of the external crate, not the local crate.] (rust-lang/rust#133274) - [Increase `sparcv9-sun-solaris` and `x86_64-pc-solaris` Solaris baseline to 11.4.] (rust-lang/rust#133293) - [Show `abi_unsupported_vector_types` lint in future breakage reports] (rust-lang/rust#133374) - [Error if multiple super-trait instantiations of `dyn Trait` need associated types to be specified but only one is provided] (rust-lang/rust#133392) - [Change `powerpc64-ibm-aix` default `codemodel` to large] (rust-lang/rust#133811) Internal Changes ---------------- These changes do not affect any public interfaces of Rust, but they represent significant improvements to the performance or internals of rustc and related tools. - [Build `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` with LTO for C/C++ code (e.g., `jemalloc`)] (rust-lang/rust#134690)
tmeijn pushed a commit to tmeijn/dotfiles that referenced this pull request
Feb 26, 2025This MR contains the following updates: | Package | Update | Change | |---|---|---| | [rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust) | minor | `1.84.1` -> `1.85.0` | MR created with the help of [el-capitano/tools/renovate-bot](https://gitlab.com/el-capitano/tools/renovate-bot). **Proposed changes to behavior should be submitted there as MRs.** --- ### Release Notes <details> <summary>rust-lang/rust (rust)</summary> ### [`v1.85.0`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/HEAD/RELEASES.md#Version-1850-2025-02-20) [Compare Source](rust-lang/rust@1.84.1...1.85.0) \========================== <a id="1.85.0-Language"></a> ## Language - [The 2024 Edition is now stable.](rust-lang/rust#133349) See [the edition guide](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/edition-guide/rust-2024/index.html) for more details. - [Stabilize async closures](rust-lang/rust#132706) See [RFC 3668](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3668-async-closures.html) for more details. - [Stabilize `#[diagnostic::do_not_recommend]`](rust-lang/rust#132056) - [Add `unpredictable_function_pointer_comparisons` lint to warn against function pointer comparisons](rust-lang/rust#118833) - [Lint on combining `#[no_mangle]` and `#[export_name]` attributes.](rust-lang/rust#131558) <a id="1.85.0-Compiler"></a> ## Compiler - [The unstable flag `-Zpolymorphize` has been removed](rust-lang/rust#133883), see rust-lang/compiler-team#810 for some background. <a id="1.85.0-Platform-Support"></a> ## Platform Support - [Promote `powerpc64le-unknown-linux-musl` to tier 2 with host tools](rust-lang/rust#133801) Refer to Rust's \[platform support page]\[platform-support-doc] for more information on Rust's tiered platform support. <a id="1.85.0-Libraries"></a> ## Libraries - [Panics in the standard library now have a leading `library/` in their path](rust-lang/rust#132390) - [`std::env::home_dir()` on Windows now ignores the non-standard `$HOME` environment variable](rust-lang/rust#132515) It will be un-deprecated in a subsequent release. - [Add `AsyncFn*` to the prelude in all editions.](rust-lang/rust#132611) <a id="1.85.0-Stabilized-APIs"></a> ## Stabilized APIs - [`BuildHasherDefault::new`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/hash/struct.BuildHasherDefault.html#method.new) - [`ptr::fn_addr_eq`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/fn.fn_addr_eq.html) - [`io::ErrorKind::QuotaExceeded`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.QuotaExceeded) - [`io::ErrorKind::CrossesDevices`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.CrossesDevices) - [`{float}::midpoint`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/primitive.f32.html#method.midpoint) - [Unsigned `{integer}::midpoint`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.u64.html#method.midpoint) - [`NonZeroU*::midpoint`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/num/type.NonZeroU32.html#method.midpoint) - [impl `std::iter::Extend` for tuples with arity 1 through 12](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Extend.html#impl-Extend%3C\(A,\)%3E-for-\(EA,\)) - [`FromIterator<(A, ...)>` for tuples with arity 1 through 12](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html#impl-FromIterator%3C\(EA,\)%3E-for-\(A,\)) - [`std::task::Waker::noop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/task/struct.Waker.html#method.noop) These APIs are now stable in const contexts: - [`mem::size_of_val`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.size_of_val.html) - [`mem::align_of_val`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.align_of_val.html) - [`Layout::for_value`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.for_value) - [`Layout::align_to`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.align_to) - [`Layout::pad_to_align`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.pad_to_align) - [`Layout::extend`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.extend) - [`Layout::array`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/struct.Layout.html#method.array) - [`std::mem::swap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.swap.html) - [`std::ptr::swap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/fn.swap.html) - [`NonNull::new`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.new) - [`HashMap::with_hasher`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.with_hasher) - [`HashSet::with_hasher`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#method.with_hasher) - [`BuildHasherDefault::new`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/hash/struct.BuildHasherDefault.html#method.new) - [`<float>::recip`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.recip) - [`<float>::to_degrees`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.to_degrees) - [`<float>::to_radians`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.to_radians) - [`<float>::max`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.max) - [`<float>::min`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.min) - [`<float>::clamp`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.clamp) - [`<float>::abs`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.abs) - [`<float>::signum`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.signum) - [`<float>::copysign`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.f32.html#method.copysign) - [`MaybeUninit::write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#method.write) <a id="1.85.0-Cargo"></a> ## Cargo - [Add future-incompatibility warning against keywords in cfgs and add raw-idents](rust-lang/cargo#14671) - [Stabilize higher precedence trailing flags](rust-lang/cargo#14900) - [Pass `CARGO_CFG_FEATURE` to build scripts](rust-lang/cargo#14902) <a id="1.85.0-Rustdoc"></a> ## Rustdoc - [Doc comment on impl blocks shows the first line, even when the impl block is collapsed](rust-lang/rust#132155) <a id="1.85.0-Compatibility-Notes"></a> ## Compatibility Notes - [`rustc` no longer treats the `test` cfg as a well known check-cfg](rust-lang/rust#131729), instead it is up to the build systems and users of `--check-cfg`\[^check-cfg] to set it as a well known cfg using `--check-cfg=cfg(test)`. This is done to enable build systems like Cargo to set it conditionally, as not all source files are suitable for unit tests. [Cargo (for now) unconditionally sets the `test` cfg as a well known cfg](rust-lang/cargo#14963). \[^check-cfg]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg.html - [Disable potentially incorrect type inference if there are trivial and non-trivial where-clauses](rust-lang/rust#132325) - `std::env::home_dir()` has been deprecated for years, because it can give surprising results in some Windows configurations if the `HOME` environment variable is set (which is not the normal configuration on Windows). We had previously avoided changing its behavior, out of concern for compatibility with code depending on this non-standard configuration. Given how long this function has been deprecated, we're now fixing its behavior as a bugfix. A subsequent release will remove the deprecation for this function. - [Make `core::ffi::c_char` signedness more closely match that of the platform-default `char`](rust-lang/rust#132975) This changed `c_char` from an `i8` to `u8` or vice versa on many Tier 2 and 3 targets (mostly Arm and RISC-V embedded targets). The new definition may result in compilation failures but fixes compatibility issues with C. The `libc` crate matches this change as of its 0.2.169 release. - [When compiling a nested `macro_rules` macro from an external crate, the content of the inner `macro_rules` is now built with the edition of the external crate, not the local crate.](rust-lang/rust#133274) - [Increase `sparcv9-sun-solaris` and `x86_64-pc-solaris` Solaris baseline to 11.4.](rust-lang/rust#133293) - [Show `abi_unsupported_vector_types` lint in future breakage reports](rust-lang/rust#133374) - [Error if multiple super-trait instantiations of `dyn Trait` need associated types to be specified but only one is provided](rust-lang/rust#133392) - [Change `powerpc64-ibm-aix` default `codemodel` to large](rust-lang/rust#133811) <a id="1.85.0-Internal-Changes"></a> ## Internal Changes These changes do not affect any public interfaces of Rust, but they represent significant improvements to the performance or internals of rustc and related tools. - [Build `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu` with LTO for C/C++ code (e.g., `jemalloc`)](rust-lang/rust#134690) </details> --- ### Configuration 📅 **Schedule**: Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined), Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined). 🚦 **Automerge**: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. ♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever MR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox. 🔕 **Ignore**: Close this MR and you won't be reminded about this update again. --- - [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this MR, check this box --- This MR has been generated by [Renovate Bot](https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate). <!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiIzOS4xODAuMyIsInVwZGF0ZWRJblZlciI6IjM5LjE4MC4zIiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoibWFpbiIsImxhYmVscyI6WyJSZW5vdmF0ZSBCb3QiXX0=-->
This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters