GCC 3.3 Release Series
Changes, New Features, and Fixes

The latest release in the 3.3 release series is GCC 3.3.6.

Caveats

• The preprocessor no longer accepts multi-line string literals. They were deprecated in 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2.
• The preprocessor no longer supports the -A- switch when appearing alone. -A- followed by an assertion is still supported.
• Support for all the systems obsoleted in GCC 3.1 has been removed from GCC 3.3. See below for a list of systems which are obsoleted in this release.
• Checking for null format arguments has been decoupled from the rest of the format checking mechanism. Programs which use the format attribute may regain this functionality by using the new nonnull function attribute. Note that all functions for which GCC has a built-in format attribute, an appropriate built-in nonnull attribute is also applied.
• The DWARF (version 1) debugging format has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version of GCC. Version 2 of the DWARF debugging format will continue to be supported for the foreseeable future.
• The C and Objective-C compilers no longer accept the "Naming Types" extension (typedef foo = bar); it was already unavailable in C++. Code which uses it will need to be changed to use the "typeof" extension instead: typedef typeof(bar) foo. (We have removed this extension without a period of deprecation because it has caused the compiler to crash since version 3.0 and no one noticed until very recently. Thus we conclude it is not in widespread use.)
• The -traditional C compiler option has been removed. It was deprecated in 3.1 and 3.2. (Traditional preprocessing remains available.) The <varargs.h> header, used for writing variadic functions in traditional C, still exists but will produce an error message if used.
• GCC 3.3.1 automatically places zero-initialized variables in the .bss section on some operating systems. Versions of GNU Emacs up to (and including) 21.3 will not work correctly when using this optimization; you can use -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss to disable it.

General Optimizer Improvements

• A new scheme for accurately describing processor pipelines, the DFA scheduler, has been added.

• Pavel Nejedly, Charles University Prague, has contributed new file format used by the edge coverage profiler (-fprofile-arcs).

  The new format is robust and diagnoses common mistakes where profiles from different versions (or compilations) of the program are combined resulting in nonsensical profiles and slow code to produced with profile feedback. Additionally this format allows extra data to be gathered. Currently, overall statistics are produced helping optimizers to identify hot spots of a program globally replacing the old intra-procedural scheme and resulting in better code. Note that the gcov tool from older GCC versions will not be able to parse the profiles generated by GCC 3.3 and vice versa.

• Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs, has contributed a new superblock formation pass enabled using -ftracer. This pass simplifies the control flow of functions allowing other optimizations to do better job.

  He also contributed the function reordering pass (-freorder-functions) to optimize function placement using profile feedback.

New Languages and Language specific improvements

C/ObjC/C++

• The preprocessor now accepts directives within macro arguments. It processes them just as if they had not been within macro arguments.
• The separate ISO and traditional preprocessors have been completely removed. The front end handles either type of preprocessed output if necessary.
• In C99 mode preprocessor arithmetic is done in the precision of the target's intmax_t, as required by that standard.
• The preprocessor can now copy comments inside macros to the output file when the macro is expanded. This feature, enabled using the -CC option, is intended for use by applications which place metadata or directives inside comments, such as lint.
• The method of constructing the list of directories to be searched for header files has been revised. If a directory named by a -I option is a standard system include directory, the option is ignored to ensure that the default search order for system directories and the special treatment of system header files are not defeated.
• A few more ISO C99 features now work correctly.
• A new function attribute, nonnull, has been added which allows pointer arguments to functions to be specified as requiring a non-null value. The compiler currently uses this information to issue a warning when it detects a null value passed in such an argument slot.
• A new type attribute, may_alias, has been added. Accesses to objects with types with this attribute are not subjected to type-based alias analysis, but are instead assumed to be able to alias any other type of objects, just like the char type.

C++

• Type based alias analysis has been implemented for C++ aggregate types.

Objective-C

• Generate an error if Objective-C objects are passed by value in function and method calls.
• When -Wselector is used, check the whole list of selectors at the end of compilation, and emit a warning if a @selector() is not known.
• Define __NEXT_RUNTIME__ when compiling for the NeXT runtime.
• No longer need to include objc/objc-class.h to compile self calls in class methods (NeXT runtime only).
• New -Wundeclared-selector option.
• Removed selector bloating which was causing object files to be 10% bigger on average (GNU runtime only).
• Using at run time @protocol() objects has been fixed in certain situations (GNU runtime only).
• Type checking has been fixed and improved in many situations involving protocols.

Java

• The java.sql and javax.sql packages now implement the JDBC 3.0 (JDK 1.4) API.
• The JDK 1.4 assert facility has been implemented.
• The bytecode interpreter is now direct threaded and thus faster.

Fortran

• Fortran improvements are listed in the Fortran documentation.

Ada

• Ada tasking now works with glibc 2.3.x threading libraries.

New Targets and Target Specific Improvements

• The following changes have been made to the HP-PA port:
  • The port now defaults to scheduling for the PA8000 series of processors.
  • Scheduling support for the PA7300 processor has been added.
  • The 32-bit port now supports weak symbols under HP-UX 11.
  • The handling of initializers and finalizers has been improved under HP-UX 11. The 64-bit port no longer uses collect2.
  • Dwarf2 EH support has been added to the 32-bit GNU/Linux port.
  • ABI fixes to correct the passing of small structures by value.
• The SPARC, HP-PA, SH4, and x86/pentium ports have been converted to use the DFA processor pipeline description.
• The following NetBSD configurations for the SuperH processor family have been added:
  • SH3, big-endian, sh-*-netbsdelf*
  • SH3, little-endian, shle-*-netbsdelf*
  • SH5, SHmedia, big-endian, 32-bit default, sh5-*-netbsd*
  • SH5, SHmedia, little-endian, 32-bit default, sh5le-*-netbsd*
  • SH5, SHmedia, big-endian, 64-bit default, sh64-*-netbsd*
  • SH5, SHmedia, little-endian, 64-bit default, sh64le-*-netbsd*
• The following changes have been made to the IA-32/x86-64 port:
  • SSE2 and 3dNOW! intrinsics are now supported.
  • Support for thread local storage has been added to the IA-32 and x86-64 ports.
  • The x86-64 port has been significantly improved.
• The following changes have been made to the MIPS port:
  • All configurations now accept the -mabi switch. Note that you will need appropriate multilibs for this option to work properly.
  • ELF configurations will always pass an ABI flag to the assembler, except when the MIPS EABI is selected.
  • -mabi=64 no longer selects MIPS IV code.
  • The -mcpu option, which was deprecated in 3.1 and 3.2, has been removed from this release.
  • -march now changes the core ISA level. In previous releases, it would change the use of processor-specific extensions, but would leave the core ISA unchanged. For example, mips64-elf -march=r8000 will now generate MIPS IV code.
  • Under most configurations, -mipsN now acts as a synonym for -march.
  • There are some new preprocessor macros to describe the -march and -mtune settings. See the documentation of those options for details.
  • Support for the NEC VR-Series processors has been added. This includes the 54xx, 5500, and 41xx series.
  • Support for the Sandcraft sr71k processor has been added.
• The following changes have been made to the S/390 port:
  • Support to build the Java runtime libraries has been added. Java is now enabled by default on s390-*-linux* and s390x-*-linux* targets.
  • Multilib support for the s390x-*-linux* target has been added; this allows to build 31-bit binaries using the -m31 option.
  • Support for thread local storage has been added.
  • Inline assembler code may now use the 'Q' constraint to specify memory operands without index register.
  • Various platform-specific performance improvements have been implemented; in particular, the compiler now uses the BRANCH ON COUNT family of instructions and makes more frequent use of the TEST UNDER MASK family of instructions.
• The following changes have been made to the PowerPC port:
  • Support for IBM Power4 processor added.
  • Support for Motorola e500 SPE added.
  • Support for AIX 5.2 added.
  • Function and Data sections now supported on AIX.
  • Sibcall optimizations added.
• The support for H8 Tiny is added to the H8/300 port with -mn.

Obsolete Systems

Support for a number of older systems has been declared obsolete in GCC 3.3. Unless there is activity to revive them, the next release of GCC will have their sources permanently removed.

All configurations of the following processor architectures have been declared obsolete:

• Matsushita MN10200, mn10200-*-*
• Motorola 88000, m88k-*-*
• IBM ROMP, romp-*-*

Also, some individual systems have been obsoleted:

• Alpha
  • Interix, alpha*-*-interix*
  • Linux libc1, alpha*-*-linux*libc1*
  • Linux ECOFF, alpha*-*-linux*ecoff*
• ARM
  • Generic a.out, arm*-*-aout*
  • Conix, arm*-*-conix*
  • "Old ABI," arm*-*-oabi
  • StrongARM/COFF, strongarm-*-coff*
• HPPA (PA-RISC)
  • Generic OSF, hppa1.0-*-osf*
  • Generic BSD, hppa1.0-*-bsd*
  • HP/UX versions 7, 8, and 9, hppa1.[01]-*-hpux[789]*
  • HiUX, hppa*-*-hiux*
  • Mach Lites, hppa*-*-lites*
• Intel 386 family
  • Windows NT 3.x, i?86-*-win32
• MC68000 family
  • HP systems, m68000-hp-bsd* and m68k-hp-bsd*
  • Sun systems, m68000-sun-sunos*, m68k-sun-sunos*, and m68k-sun-mach*
  • AT&T systems, m68000-att-sysv*
  • Atari systems, m68k-atari-sysv*
  • Motorola systems, m68k-motorola-sysv*
  • NCR systems, m68k-ncr-sysv*
  • Plexus systems, m68k-plexus-sysv*
  • Commodore systems, m68k-cbm-sysv*
  • Citicorp TTI, m68k-tti-*
  • Unos, m68k-crds-unos*
  • Concurrent RTU, m68k-ccur-rtu*
  • Linux a.out, m68k-*-linux*aout*
  • Linux libc1, m68k-*-linux*libc1*
  • pSOS, m68k-*-psos*
• MIPS
  • Generic ECOFF, mips*-*-ecoff*
  • SINIX, mips-sni-sysv4
  • Orion RTEMS, mips64orion-*-rtems*
• National Semiconductor 32000
  • OpenBSD, ns32k-*-openbsd*
• POWER (aka RS/6000) and PowerPC
  • AIX versions 1, 2, and 3, rs6000-ibm-aix[123]*
  • Bull BOSX, rs6000-bull-bosx
  • Generic Mach, rs6000-*-mach*
  • Generic SysV, powerpc*-*-sysv*
  • Linux libc1, powerpc*-*-linux*libc1*
• Sun SPARC
  • Generic a.out, sparc-*-aout*, sparclet-*-aout*, sparclite-*-aout*, and sparc86x-*-aout*
  • NetBSD a.out, sparc-*-netbsd*aout*
  • Generic BSD, sparc-*-bsd*
  • ChorusOS, sparc-*-chorusos*
  • Linux a.out, sparc-*-linux*aout*
  • Linux libc1, sparc-*-linux*libc1*
  • LynxOS, sparc-*-lynxos*
  • Solaris on HAL hardware, sparc-hal-solaris2*
  • SunOS versions 3 and 4, sparc-*-sunos[34]*
• NEC V850
  • RTEMS, v850-*-rtems*
• VAX
  • VMS, vax-*-vms*

Documentation improvements

Other significant improvements

• Almost all front-end dependencies in the compiler have been separated out into a set of language hooks. This should make adding a new front end clearer and easier.
• One effect of removing the separate preprocessor is a small increase in the robustness of the compiler in general, and the maintainability of target descriptions. Previously target-specific built-in macros and others, such as __FAST_MATH__, had to be handled with so-called specs that were hard to maintain. Often they would fail to behave properly when conflicting options were supplied on the command line, and define macros in the user's namespace even when strict ISO compliance was requested. Integrating the preprocessor has cleanly solved these issues.
• The Makefile suite now supports redirection of make install by means of the variable DESTDIR.

---

Detailed release notes for the GCC 3.3 release follow.

Bug Fixes

bootstrap failures

• 10140 cross compiler build failures: missing __mempcpy (DUP: 10198,10338)

Internal compiler errors (multi-platform)

• 3581 large string causes segmentation fault in cc1
• 4382 __builtin_{set,long}jmp with -O3 can crash the compiler
• 5533 (c++) ICE when processing std::accumulate(begin, end, init, invalid_op)
• 6387 -fpic -gdwarf-2 -g1 combination gives ICE in dwarf2out
• 6412 (c++) ICE in retrieve_specialization
• 6620 (c++) partial template specialization causes an ICE (segmentation fault)
• 6663 (c++) ICE with attribute aligned
• 7068 ICE with incomplete types
• 7083 (c++) ICE using -gstabs with dodgy class derivation
• 7647 (c++) ICE when data member has the name of the enclosing class
• 7675 ICE in fixup_var_refs_1
• 7718 'complex' template instantiation causes ICE
• 8116 (c++) ICE in member template function
• 8358 (ada) Ada compiler accesses freed memory, crashes
• 8511 (c++) ICE: (hopefully) reproducible cc1plus segmentation fault
• 8564 (c++) ICE in find_function_data, in function.c
• 8660 (c++) template overloading ICE in tsubst_expr, in cp/pt.c
• 8766 (c++) ICE after failed initialization of static template variable
• 8803 ICE in instantiate_virtual_regs_1, in function.c
• 8846 (c++) ICE after diagnostic if fr_FR@euro locale is set
• 8906 (c++) ICE (Segmentation fault) when parsing nested-class definition
• 9216 (c++) ICE on missing template parameter
• 9261 (c++) ICE in arg_assoc, in cp/decl2.c
• 9263 (fortran) ICE caused by invalid PARAMETER in implied DO loop
• 9429 (c++) ICE in template instantiation with a pointered new operator
• 9516 Internal error when using a big array
• 9600 (c++) ICE with typedefs in template class
• 9629 (c++) virtual inheritance segfault
• 9672 (c++) ICE: Error reporting routines re-entered
• 9749 (c++) ICE in write_expression on invalid function prototype
• 9794 (fortran) ICE: floating point exception during constant folding
• 9829 (c++) Missing colon in nested namespace usage causes ICE
• 9916 (c++) ICE with noreturn function in ?: statement
• 9936 ICE with local function and variable-length 2d array
• 10262 (c++) cc1plus crashes with large generated code
• 10278 (c++) ICE in parser for invalid code
• 10446 (c++) ICE on definition of nonexistent member function of nested class in a class template
• 10451 (c++) ICE in grokdeclarator on spurious mutable declaration
• 10506 (c++) ICE in build_new at cp/init.c with -fkeep-inline-functions and multiple inheritance
• 10549 (c++) ICE in store_bit_field on bitfields that exceed the precision of the declared type

Optimization bugs

• 2001 Inordinately long compile times in reload CSE regs
• 2391 Exponential compilation time explosion in combine
• 2960 Duplicate loop conditions even with -Os
• 4046 redundant conditional branch
• 6405 Loop-unrolling related performance regressions
• 6798 very long compile time with large case-statement
• 6871 const objects shouldn't be moved to .bss
• 6909 problem w/ -Os on modified loop-2c.c test case
• 7189 gcc -O2 -Wall does not print ``control reaches end of non-void function'' warning
• 7642 optimization problem with signbit()
• 8634 incorrect code for inlining of memcpy under -O2
• 8750 Cygwin prolog generation erroneously emitting __alloca as regular function call

C front end

• 2161 long if-else cascade overflows parser stack
• 4319 short accepted on typedef'd char
• 8602 incorrect line numbers in warning messages when using inline functions
• 9177 -fdump-translation-unit: C front end deletes function_decl AST nodes and breaks debugging dumps
• 9853 miscompilation of non-constant structure initializer

c++ compiler and library

• 45 legal template specialization code is rejected (DUP: 3784)
• 764 lookup failure: friend operator and dereferencing a pointer and templates (DUP: 5116)
• 2862 gcc accepts invalid explicit instantiation syntax (DUP: 2863)
• 3663 G++ doesn't check access control during template instantiation
• 3797 gcc fails to emit explicit specialization of a template member
• 3948 Two destructors are called when no copy destructor is defined (ABI change)
• 4137 Conversion operator within template is not accepted
• 4361 bogus ambiguity taking the address of a member template
• 4802 g++ accepts illegal template code (access to private member; DUP: 5837)
• 4803 inline function is used but never defined, and g++ does not object
• 5094 Partial specialization cannot be friend?
• 5730 complex<double>::norm() -- huge slowdown from egcs-2.91.66
• 6713 Regression wrt 3.0.4: g++ -O2 leads to seg fault at run time
• 7015 certain __asm__ constructs rejected
• 7086 compile time regression (quadratic behavior in fixup_var_refs)
• 7099 G++ doesn't set the noreturn attribute on std::exit and std::abort
• 7247 copy constructor missing when inlining enabled (invalid optimization?)
• 7441 string array initialization compilation time regression from seconds to minutes
• 7768 __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ for template destructor is wrong
• 7804 bad printing of floating point constant in warning message
• 8099 Friend classes and template specializations
• 8117 member function pointers and multiple inheritance
• 8205 using declaration and multiple inheritance
• 8645 unnecessary non-zero checks in stl_tree.h
• 8724 explicit destructor call for incomplete class allowed
• 8805 compile time regression with many member variables
• 8691 -O3 and -fno-implicit-templates are incompatible
• 8700 unhelpful error message for binding temp to reference
• 8724 explicit destructor call for incomplete class allowed
• 8949 numeric_limits<>::denorm_min() and is_iec559 problems
• 9016 Failure to consistently constant fold "constant" C++ objects
• 9053 g++ confused about ambiguity of overloaded function templates
• 9152 undefined virtual thunks
• 9182 basic_filebuf<> does not report errors in codecvt<>::out
• 9297 data corruption due to codegen bug (when copying.)
• 9318 i/ostream::operator>>/<<(streambuf*) broken
• 9320 Incorrect usage of traits_type::int_type in stdio_filebuf
• 9400 bogus -Wshadow warning: shadowed declaration of this in local classes
• 9424 i/ostream::operator>>/<<(streambuf*) drops characters
• 9425 filebuf::pbackfail broken (DUP: 9439)
• 9474 GCC freezes in compiling a weird code mixing <iostream> and <iostream.h>
• 9548 Incorrect results from setf(ios::fixed) and precision(-1) [DR 231]
• 9555 ostream inserters fail to set badbit on exception
• 9561 ostream inserters rethrow exception of wrong type
• 9563 ostream::sentry returns true after a failed preparation
• 9582 one-definition rule violation in std::allocator
• 9622 __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ incorrect in template destructors
• 9683 bug in initialization chains for static const variables from template classes
• 9791 -Woverloaded-virtual reports hiding of destructor
• 9817 collate::compare doesn't handle nul characters
• 9825 filebuf::sputbackc breaks sbumpc
• 9826 operator>>(basic_istream, basic_string) fails to compile with custom traits
• 9924 Multiple using statements for builtin functions not allowed
• 9946 destructor is not called for temporary object
• 9964 filebuf::close() sometimes fails to close file
• 9988 filebuf::overflow writes EOF to file
• 10033 optimization breaks polymorphic references w/ typeid operator
• 10097 filebuf::underflow drops characters
• 10132 filebuf destructor can throw exceptions
• 10180 gcc fails to warn about non-inlined function
• 10199 method parametrized by template does not work everywhere
• 10300 use of array-new (nothrow) in segfaults on NULL return
• 10427 Stack corruption with variable-length automatic arrays and virtual destructors
• 10503 Compilation never stops in fixed_type_or_null

Objective-C

• 5956 selectors aren't matched properly when added to the selector table

Fortran compiler and library

• 1832 list directed i/o overflow hangs, -fbounds-check doesn't detect
• 3924 g77 generates code that is rejected by GAS if COFF debug info requested
• 5634 doc: explain that configure --prefix=~/... does not work
• 6367 multiple repeat counts confuse namelist read into array
• 6491 Logical operations error on logicals when using -fugly-logint
• 6742 Generation of C++ Prototype for FORTRAN and extern "C"
• 7113 Failure of g77.f-torture/execute/f90-intrinsic-bit.f -Os on irix6.5
• 7236 OPEN(...,RECL=nnn,...) without ACCESS='DIRECT' should assume a direct access file
• 7278 g77 "bug"; the executable misbehaves (with -O2 -fno-automatic)
• 7384 DATE_AND_TIME milliseconds field inactive on Windows
• 7388 Incorrect output with 0-based array of characters
• 8587 Double complex zero ** double precision number -> NaN instead of zero
• 9038 -ffixed-line-length-none -x f77-cpp-input gives: Warning: unknown register name line-length-none
• 10197 Direct access files not unformatted by default

Java compiler and library

• 6005 gcj fails to build rhug on alpha
• 6389 System.getProperty("") should always throw an IllegalArgumentException
• 6576 java.util.ResourceBundle.getResource ignores locale
• 6652 new java.io.File("").getCanonicalFile() throws exception
• 7060 getMethod() doesn't search super interface
• 7073 bytecode interpreter gives wrong answer for interface getSuperclass()
• 7180 possible bug in javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getPlusPath()
• 7416 java.security startup refs "GNU libgcj.security"
• 7570 Runtime.exec with null envp: child doesn't inherit parent env (DUP: 7578)
• 7611 Internal error while compiling libjava with -O
• 7709 NullPointerException in _Jv_ResolvePoolEntry
• 7766 ZipInputStream.available returns 0 immediately after construction
• 7785 Calendar.getTimeInMillis/setTimeInMillis should be public
• 7786 TimeZone.getDSTSavings() from JDK1.4 not implemented
• 8142 '$' in class names vs. dlopen 'dynamic string tokens'
• 8234 ZipInputStream chokes when InputStream.read() returns small chunks
• 8415 reflection bug: exception info for Method
• 8481 java.Random.nextInt(int) may return negative
• 8593 Error reading GZIPped files with BufferedReader
• 8759 java.beans.Introspector has no flushCaches() or flushFromCaches() methods
• 8997 spin() calls Thread.sleep
• 9253 on win32, java.io.File.listFiles("C:\\") returns pwd instead of the root content of C:
• 9254 java::lang::Object::wait(), threads-win32.cc returns wrong return codes
• 9271 Severe bias in java.security.SecureRandom

Ada compiler and library

• 6767 make gnatlib-shared fails on -laddr2line
• 9911 gnatmake fails to link when GCC configured with --with-sjlj-exceptions=yes
• 10020 Can't bootstrap gcc on AIX with Ada enabled
• 10546 Ada tasking not working on Red Hat 9

preprocessor

• 7029 preprocessor should ignore #warning with -M

ARM-specific

• 2903 [arm] Optimization bug with long long arithmetic
• 7873 arm-linux-gcc fails when assigning address to a bit field

FreeBSD-specific

• 7680 float functions undefined in math.h/cmath with #define _XOPEN_SOURCE

HP-UX or HP-PA-specific

• 8705 [HP-PA] ICE in emit_move_insn_1, in expr.c
• 9986 [HP-UX] Incorrect transformation of fputs_unlocked to fputc_unlocked
• 10056 [HP-PA] ICE at -O2 when building c++ code from doxygen

m68hc11-specific

• 6744 Bad assembler code generated: reference to pseudo register z
• 7361 Internal compiler error in reload_cse_simplify_operands, in reload1.c

MIPS-specific

• 9496 [mips-linux] bug in optimizer?

PowerPC-specific

• 7067 -Os with -mcpu=powerpc optimizes for speed (?) instead of space
• 8480 reload ICEs for LAPACK code on powerpc64-linux
• 8784 [AIX] Internal compiler error in simplify_gen_subreg
• 10315 [powerpc] ICE: in extract_insn, in recog.c

SPARC-specific

• 10267 (documentation) Wrong build instructions for *-*-solaris2*

x86-specific (Intel/AMD)

• 7916 ICE in instantiate_virtual_register_1
• 7926 (c++) i486 instructions in header files make c++ programs crash on i386
• 8555 ICE in gen_split_1231
• 8994 ICE with -O -march=pentium4
• 9426 ICE with -fssa -funroll-loops -fprofile-arcs
• 9806 ICE in inline assembly with -fPIC flag
• 10077 gcc -msse2 generates movd to move dwords between xmm regs
• 10233 64-bit comparison only comparing bottom 32-bits
• 10286 type-punning doesn't work with __m64 and -O
• 10308 [x86] ICE with -O -fgcse or -O2

---

GCC 3.3.1

Bug Fixes

This section lists the problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracking system that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.1 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).

Bootstrap failures

• 11272 [Solaris] make bootstrap fails while building libstdc++

Internal compiler errors (multi-platform)

• 5754 ICE on invalid nested template class
• 6597 ICE in set_mem_alias_set compiling Qt with -O2 on ia64 and --enable-checking
• 6949 (c++) ICE in tsubst_decl, in cp/pt.c
• 7053 (c++) ICE when declaring a function already defined as a friend method of a template class
• 8164 (c++) ICE when using different const expressions as template parameter
• 8384 (c++) ICE in is_base_type, in dwarf2out.c
• 9559 (c++) ICE with invalid initialization of a static const
• 9649 (c++) ICE in finish_member_declaration, in cp/semantics.c when redeclaring a static member variable
• 9864 (fortran) ICE in add_abstract_origin_attribute, in dwarfout.c with -g -O -finline-functions
• 10432 (c++) ICE in poplevel, in cp/decl.c
• 10475 ICE in subreg_highpart_offset for code with long long
• 10635 (c++) ICE when dereferencing an incomplete type casted from a void pointer
• 10661 (c++) ICE in instantiate_decl, in cp/pt.c while instantiating static member variables
• 10700 ICE in copy_to_mode_reg on 64-bit targets
• 10712 (c++) ICE in constructor_name_full, in cp/decl2.c
• 10796 (c++) ICE when defining an enum with two values: -1 and MAX_INT_64BIT
• 10890 ICE in merge_assigned_reloads building Linux 2.4.2x sched.c
• 10939 (c++) ICE with template code
• 10956 (c++) ICE when specializing a template member function of a template class, in tsubst, in cp/pt.c
• 11041 (c++) ICE: const myclass &x = *x; (when operator*() defined)
• 11059 (c++) ICE with empty union
• 11083 (c++) ICE in commit_one_edge_insertion, in cfgrtl.c with -O2 -fnon-call-exceptions
• 11105 (c++) ICE in mangle_conv_op_name_for_type
• 11149 (c++) ICE on error when instantiation with call function of a base type
• 11228 (c++) ICE on new-expression using array operator new and default-initialization
• 11282 (c++) Infinite memory usage after syntax error
• 11301 (fortran) ICE with -fno-globals
• 11308 (c++) ICE when using an enum type name as if it were a class or namespace
• 11473 (c++) ICE with -gstabs when empty struct inherits from an empty struct
• 11503 (c++) ICE when instantiating template with ADDR_EXPR
• 11513 (c++) ICE in push_template_decl_real, in cp/pt.c: template member functions

Optimization bugs

• 11198 -O2 -frename-registers generates wrong code (aliasing problem)
• 11304 Wrong code production with -fomit-frame-pointer
• 11381 volatile memory access optimized away
• 11536 [strength-reduce] -O2 optimization produces wrong code
• 11557 constant folding bug generates wrong code

C front end

• 5897 No warning for statement after return
• 11279 DWARF-2 output mishandles large enums

Preprocessor bugs

• 11022 no warning for non-compatible macro redefinition

C++ compiler and library

• 2330 static_cast<>() to a private base is allowed
• 5388 Incorrect message "operands to ?: have different types"
• 5390 Libiberty fails to demangle multi-digit template parameters
• 7877 Incorrect parameter passing to specializations of member function templates
• 9393 Anonymous namespaces and compiling the same file twice
• 10032 -pedantic converts some errors to warnings
• 10468 const typeof(x) is non-const, but only in templates
• 10527 confused error message with "new int()" parameter initializer
• 10679 parameter MIN_INLINE_INSNS is not honored
• 10682 gcc chokes on a typedef for an enum inside a class template
• 10689 pow(std::complex(0),1/3) returns (nan, nan) instead of 0.
• 10845 template member function (with nested template as parameter) cannot be called anymore if another unrelated template member function is defined
• 10849 Cannot define an out-of-class specialization of a private nested template class
• 10888 Suppress -Winline warnings for system headers
• 10929 -Winline warns about functions for which no definition is visible
• 10931 valid conversion static_cast<const unsigned int&>(lvalue-of-type-int) is rejected
• 10940 Bad code with explicit specialization
• 10968 If member function implicitly instantiated, explicit instantiation of class fails to instantiate it
• 10990 Cannot convert with dynamic_cast<> to a private base class from within a member function
• 11039 Bad interaction between implicit typename deprecation and friendship
• 11062 (libstdc++) avoid __attribute__ ((unused)); say "__unused__" instead
• 11095 C++ iostream manipulator causes segfault when called with negative argument
• 11098 g++ doesn't emit complete debugging information for local variables in destructors
• 11137 GNU/Linux shared library constructors not called unless there's one global object
• 11154 spurious ambiguity report for template class specialization
• 11329 Compiler cannot find user defined implicit typecast
• 11332 Spurious error with casts in ?: expression
• 11431 static_cast behavior with subclasses when default constructor available
• 11528 money_get facet does not accept "$.00" as valid
• 11546 Type lookup problems in out-of-line definition of a class doubly nested from a template class
• 11567 C++ code containing templated member function with same name as pure virtual member function results in linking failure
• 11645 Failure to deal with using and private inheritance

Java compiler and library

• 5179 Qualified static field access doesn't initialize its class
• 8204 gcj -O2 to native reorders certain instructions improperly
• 10838 java.io.ObjectInputStream syntax error
• 10886 The RMI registry that comes with GCJ does not work correctly
• 11349 JNDI URL context factories not located correctly

x86-specific (Intel/AMD)

• 4823 ICE on inline assembly code
• 8878 miscompilation with -O and SSE
• 9815 (c++ library) atomicity.h - fails to compile with -O3 -masm=intel
• 10402 (inline assembly) [x86] ICE in merge_assigned_reloads, in reload1.c
• 10504 ICE with SSE2 code and -O3 -mcpu=pentium4 -msse2
• 10673 ICE for x86-64 on freebsd libc vfprintf.c source
• 11044 [x86] out of range loop instructions for FP code on K6
• 11089 ICE: instantiate_virtual_regs_lossage while using SSE built-ins
• 11420 [x86_64] gcc generates invalid asm code when "-O -fPIC" is used

SPARC- or Solaris- specific

• 9362 solaris 'as' dies when fed .s and "-gstabs"
• 10142 [SPARC64] gcc produces wrong code when passing structures by value
• 10663 New configure check aborts with Sun tools.
• 10835 combinatorial explosion in scheduler on HyperSPARC
• 10876 ICE in calculate_giv_inc when building KDE
• 10955 wrong code at -O3 for structure argument in context of structure return
• 11018 -mcpu=ultrasparc busts tar-1.13.25
• 11556 [sparc64] ICE in gen_reg_rtx() while compiling 2.6.x Linux kernel

ia64 specific

• 10907 gcc violates the ia64 ABI (GP must be preserved)
• 11320 scheduler bug (in machine depended reorganization pass)
• 11599 bug with conditional and __builtin_prefetch

PowerPC specific

• 9745 [powerpc] gcc mis-compiles libmcrypt (alias problem during loop)
• 10871 error in rs6000_stack_info save_size computation
• 11440 gcc mis-compiles c++ code (libkhtml) with -O2, -fno-gcse cures it

m68k-specific

• 7594 [m68k] ICE on legal code associated with simplify-rtx
• 10557 [m68k] ICE in subreg_offset_representable_p
• 11054 [m68k] ICE in reg_overlap_mentioned_p

ARM-specific

• 10834 [arm] GCC 3.3 still generates incorrect instructions for functions with __attribute__ ((interrupt ("IRQ")))
• 10842 [arm] Clobbered link register is copied to pc under certain circumstances
• 11052 [arm] noce_process_if_block() can lose REG_INC notes
• 11183 [arm] ICE in change_address_1 (3.3) / subreg_hard_regno (3.4)

MIPS-specific

• 11084 ICE in propagate_one_insn, in flow.c

SH-specific

• 10331 can't compile c++ part of gcc cross compiler for sh-elf
• 10413 [SH] ICE in reload_cse_simplify_operands, in reload1.c
• 11096 i686-linux to sh-linux cross compiler fails to compile C++ files

GNU/Linux (or Hurd?) specific

• 2873 Bogus fixinclude of stdio.h from glibc 2.2.3

UnixWare specific

• 3163 configure bug: gcc/aclocal.m4 mmap test fails on UnixWare 7.1.1

Cygwin (or mingw) specific

• 5287 ICE with dllimport attribute
• 10148 [MingW/CygWin] Compiler dumps core

DJGPP specific

• 8787 GCC fails to emit .intel_syntax when invoked with -masm=intel on DJGPP

Darwin (and MacOS X) specific

• 10900 trampolines crash

Documentation

• 1607 (c++) Format attributes on methods undocumented
• 4252 Invalid option `-fdump-translation-unit'
• 4490 Clarify restrictions on -m96bit-long-double, -m128bit-long-double
• 10355 document an issue with regparm attribute on some systems (e.g. Solaris)
• 10726 (fortran) Documentation for function "IDate Intrinsic (Unix)" is wrong
• 10805 document bug in old version of Sun assembler
• 10815 warn against GNU binutils on AIX
• 10877 document need for newer binutils on i?86-*-linux-gnu
• 11280 Manual incorrect with respect to -freorder-blocks
• 11466 Document -mlittle-endian and its restrictions for the sparc64 port

Testsuite bugs (compiler itself is not affected)

• 10737 newer bison causes g++.dg/parse/crash2.C to incorrectly report failure
• 10810 gcc-3.3 fails make check: buffer overrun in test_demangle.c

---

GCC 3.3.2

Bug Fixes

This section lists the problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracker that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.2 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).

Bootstrap failures and problems

• 8336 [SCO5] bootstrap config still tries to use COFF options
• 9330 [alpha-osf] Bootstrap failure on Compaq Tru64 with --enable-threads=posix
• 9631 [hppa64-linux] gcc-3.3 fails to bootstrap
• 9877 fixincludes makes a bad sys/byteorder.h on svr5 (UnixWare 7.1.1)
• 11687 xstormy16-elf build fails in libf2c
• 12263 [SGI IRIX] bootstrap fails during compile of libf2c/libI77/backspace.c
• 12490 buffer overflow in scan-decls.c (during Solaris 9 fix-header processing)

Internal compiler errors (multi-platform)

• 7277 Casting integers to vector types causes ICE
• 7939 (c++) ICE on invalid function template specialization
• 11063 (c++) ICE on parsing initialization list of const array member
• 11207 ICE with negative index in array element designator
• 11522 (fortran) g77 dwarf-2 ICE in add_abstract_origin_attribute
• 11595 (c++) ICE on duplicate label definition
• 11646 (c++) ICE in commit_one_edge_insertion with -fnon-call-exceptions -fgcse -O
• 11665 ICE in struct initializer when taking address
• 11852 (c++) ICE with bad struct initializer.
• 11878 (c++) ICE in cp_expr_size
• 11883 ICE with any -O on mercury-generated C code
• 11991 (c++) ICE in cxx_incomplete_type_diagnostic, in cp/typeck2.c when applying typeid operator to template template parameter
• 12146 ICE in lookup_template_function, in cp/pt.c
• 12215 ICE in make_label_edge with -fnon-call-exceptions -fno-gcse -O2
• 12369 (c++) ICE with templates and friends
• 12446 ICE in emit_move_insn on complicated array reference
• 12510 ICE in final_scan_insn
• 12544 ICE with large parameters used in nested functions

C and optimization bugs

• 9862 spurious warnings with -W -finline-functions
• 10962 lookup_field is a linear search on a linked list (can be slow if large struct)
• 11370 -Wunreachable-code gives false complaints
• 11637 invalid assembly with -fnon-call-exceptions
• 11885 Problem with bitfields in packed structs
• 12082 Inappropriate unreachable code warnings
• 12180 Inline optimization fails for variadic function
• 12340 loop unroller + gcse produces wrong code

C++ compiler and library

• 3907 nested template parameter collides with member name
• 5293 confusing message when binding a temporary to a reference
• 5296 [DR115] Pointers to functions and to template functions behave differently in deduction
• 7939 ICE on function template specialization
• 8656 Unable to assign function with __attribute__ and pointer return type to an appropriate variable
• 10147 Confusing error message for invalid template function argument
• 11400 std::search_n() makes assumptions about Size parameter
• 11409 issues with using declarations, overloading, and built-in functions
• 11740 ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(mask, wchar_t) doesn't handle multiple bits in mask
• 11786 operator() call on variable in other namespace not recognized
• 11867 static_cast ignores ambiguity
• 11928 bug with conversion operators that are typedefs
• 12114 Uninitialized memory accessed in dtor
• 12163 static_cast + explicit constructor regression
• 12181 Wrong code with comma operator and c++
• 12236 regparm and fastcall messes up parameters
• 12266 incorrect instantiation of unneeded template during overload resolution
• 12296 istream::peek() doesn't set eofbit
• 12298 [sjlj exceptions] Stack unwind destroys not-yet-constructed object
• 12369 ICE with templates and friends
• 12337 apparently infinite loop in g++
• 12344 stdcall attribute ignored if function returns a pointer
• 12451 missing(late) class forward declaration in cxxabi.h
• 12486 g++ accepts invalid use of a qualified name

x86 specific (Intel/AMD)

• 8869 [x86 MMX] ICE with const variable optimization and MMX builtins
• 9786 ICE in fixup_abnormal_edges with -fnon-call-exceptions -O2
• 11689 g++3.3 emits un-assembleable code for k6 architecture
• 12116 [k6] Invalid assembly output values with X-MAME code
• 12070 ICE converting between double and long double with -msoft-float

ia64-specific

• 11184 [ia64 hpux] ICE on __builtin_apply building libobjc
• 11535 __builtin_return_address may not work on ia64
• 11693 [ia64] ICE in gen_nop_type
• 12224 [ia64] Thread-local storage doesn't work

PowerPC-specific

• 11087 [powerpc64-linux] GCC miscompiles raid1.c from linux kernel
• 11319 loop miscompiled on ppc32
• 11949 ICE Compiler segfault with ffmpeg -maltivec code

SPARC-specific

• 11662 wrong code for expr. with cast to long long and exclusive or
• 11965 invalid assembler code for a shift < 32 operation
• 12301 (c++) stack corruption when a returned expression throws an exception

Alpha-specific

• 11717 [alpha-linux] unrecognizable insn compiling for.c of kernel 2.4.22-pre8

HPUX-specific

• 11313 problem with #pragma weak and static inline functions
• 11712 __STDC_EXT__ not defined for C++ by default anymore?

Solaris specific

• 12166 Profiled programs crash if PROFDIR is set

Solaris-x86 specific

• 12101 i386 Solaris no longer works with GNU as?

Miscellaneous embedded target-specific bugs

• 10988 [m32r-elf] wrong blockmove code with -O3
• 11805 [h8300-unknown-coff] [H8300] ICE for simple code with -O2
• 11902 [sh4] spec file improperly inserts rpath even when none needed
• 11903 [sh4] -pthread fails to link due to error in spec file on sh4

---

GCC 3.3.3

Minor features

In addition to the bug fixes documented below, this release contains few minor features such as:

• Support for --with-sysroot
• Support for automatic detection of executable stacks
• Support for SSE3 instructions
• Support for thread local storage debugging under GDB on S390

Bug Fixes

This section lists the problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracker that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.3 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).

Bootstrap failures and issues

• 11890 Building cross gcc-3.3.1 for sparc-sun-solaris2.6 fails
• 12399 boehm-gc fails (when building a cross compiler): libtool unable to infer tagged configuration
• 13068 mklibgcc.in doesn't handle multi-level multilib subdirectories properly

Internal compiler errors (multi-platform)

• 10060 ICE (stack overflow) on huge file (300k lines) due to recursive behaviour of copy_rtx_if_shared, in emit_rtl.c
• 10555 (c++) ICE on undefined template argument
• 10706 (c++) ICE in mangle_class_name_for_template
• 11496 (fortran) error in flow_loops_find when -funroll-loops active
• 11741 ICE in pre_insert_copy_insn, in gcse.c
• 12440 GCC crashes during compilation of quicktime4linux 2.0.0
• 12632 (fortran) -fbounds-check ICE
• 12712 (c++) ICE on short legit C++ code fragment with gcc 3.3.2
• 12726 (c++) ICE (segfault) on trivial code
• 12890 (c++) ICE on compilation of class with throwing method
• 12900 (c++) ICE in rtl_verify_flow_info_1
• 13060 (fortran) ICE in fixup_var_refs_1, in function.c on correct code with -O2 -fno-force-mem
• 13289 (c++) ICE in regenerate_decl_from_template on recursive template
• 13318 ICE: floating point exception in the loop optimizer
• 13392 (c++) ICE in convert_from_eh_region_ranges_1, in except.c
• 13574 (c++) invalid array default initializer in class lets gcc consume all memory and die
• 13475 ICE on SIMD variables with partial value initialization
• 13797 (c++) ICE on invalid template parameter
• 13824 (java) gcj SEGV with simple .java program

C and optimization bugs

• 8776 loop invariants are not removed (most likely)
• 10339 [sparc,ppc,ppc64] Invalid optimization: replacing strncmp by memcmp
• 11350 undefined labels with -Os -fPIC
• 12826 Optimizer removes reference through volatile pointer
• 12500 stabs debug info: void no longer a predefined / builtin type
• 12941 builtin-bitops-1.c miscompilation (latent bug)
• 12953 tree inliner bug (in inline_forbidden_p) and fix
• 13041 linux-2.6/sound/core/oss/rate.c miscompiled
• 13507 spurious printf format warning
• 13382 Type information for const pointer disappears during optimization.
• 13394 noreturn attribute ignored on recursive invokation
• 13400 Compiled code crashes storing to read-only location
• 13521 Endless loop in calculate_global_regs_live

C++ compiler and library

Some of the bug fixes in this list were made to implement decisions that the ISO C++ standards committee has made concerning several defect reports (DRs). Links in the list below point to detailed discussion of the relevant defect report.

• 2094 unimplemented: use of `ptrmem_cst' in template type unification
• 2294 using declaration confusion
• 5050 template instantiation depth exceeds limit: recursion problem?
• 9371 Bad exception handling in i/ostream::operator>>/<<(streambuf*)
• 9546 bad exception handling in ostream members
• 10081 basic_ios::_M_cache_locale leaves NULL members in the face of unknown locales
• 10093 [DR 61] Setting failbit in exceptions doesn't work
• 10095 istream::operator>>(int&) sets ios::badbit when ios::failbit is set.
• 11554 Warning about reordering of initializers doesn't mention location of constructor
• 12297 istream::sentry::sentry() handles eof() incorrectly.
• 12352 Exception safety problems in src/localename.cc
• 12438 Memory leak in locale::combine()
• 12540 Memory leak in locale::locale(const char*)
• 12594 DRs 60 [TC] and 63 [TC] not implemented
• 12657 Resolution of DR 292 (WP) still unimplemented
• 12696 memory eating infinite loop in diagnostics (error recovery problem)
• 12815 Code compiled with optimization behaves unexpectedly
• 12862 Conflicts between typedefs/enums and namespace member declarations
• 12926 Wrong value after assignment in initialize list using bit-fields
• 12967 Resolution of DR 300 [WP] still unimplemented
• 12971 Resolution of DR 328 [WP] still unimplemented
• 13007 basic_streambuf::pubimbue, imbue wrong
• 13009 Implicitly-defined assignment operator writes to wrong memory
• 13057 regparm attribute not applied to destructor
• 13070 -Wformat option ignored in g++
• 13081 forward template declarations in <complex> let inlining fail
• 13239 Assertion does not seem to work correctly anymore
• 13262 "xxx is private within this context" when initializing a self-contained template class
• 13290 simple typo in concept checking for std::generate_n
• 13323 Template code does not compile in presence of typedef
• 13369 __verify_grouping (and __add_grouping?) not correct
• 13371 infinite loop with packed struct and inlining
• 13445 Template argument replacement "dereferences" a typedef
• 13461 Fails to access protected-ctor from public constant
• 13462 Non-standard-conforming type set::pointer
• 13478 gcc uses wrong constructor to initialize a const reference
• 13544 "conflicting types" for enums in different scopes
• 13650 string::compare should not (always) use traits_type::length()
• 13683 bogus warning about passing non-PODs through ellipsis
• 13688 Derived class is denied access to protected base class member class
• 13774 Member variable cleared in virtual multiple inheritance class
• 13884 Protect sstream.tcc from extern template use

Java compiler and library

• 10746 [win32] garbage collection crash in GCJ

Objective-C compiler and library

• 11433 Crash due to dereferencing null pointer when querying protocol

Fortran compiler and library

• 12633 logical expression gives incorrect result with -fugly-logint option
• 13037 [gcse-lm] g77 generates incorrect code
• 13213 Hex constant problem when compiling with -fugly-logint and -ftypeless-boz

x86-specific (Intel/AMD)

• 4490 ICE with -m128bit-long-double
• 12292 [x86_64] ICE: RTL check: expected code `const_int', have `reg' in make_field_assignment, in combine.c
• 12441 ICE: can't find a register to spill
• 12943 array static-init failure under -fpic, -fPIC
• 13608 Incorrect code with -O3 -ffast-math

PowerPC-specific

• 11598 testcase gcc.dg/20020118-1.c fails runtime check of __attribute__((aligned(16)))
• 11793 ICE in extract_insn, in recog.c (const_vector's)
• 12467 vmsumubm emitted when vmsummbm appropriate (typo in altivec.md)
• 12537 g++ generates writeable text sections

SPARC-specific

• 12496 wrong result for __atomic_add(&value, -1) when using -O0 -m64
• 12865 mprotect call to make trampoline executable may fail
• 13354 ICE in sparc_emit_set_const32

ARM-specific

• 10467 [arm] ICE in pre_insert_copy_insn,

ia64-specific

• 11226 ICE passing struct arg with two floats
• 11227 ICE for _Complex float, _Complex long double args
• 12644 GCC 3.3.2 fails to compile glibc on ia64
• 13149 build gcc-3.3.2 1305 error:unrecognizable insn
• Various fixes for libunwind

Alpha-specific

• 12654 Incorrect comparison code generated for Alpha
• 12965 SEGV+ICE in cc1plus on alpha-linux with -O2
• 13031 ICE (unrecognizable insn) when building gnome-libs-1.4.2

HPPA-specific

• 11634 [hppa] ICE in verify_local_live_at_start, in flow.c
• 12158 [hppa] compilation does not terminate at -O1

S390-specific

• 11992 Wrong built-in code for memcmp with length 1<<24: only (1<<24)-1 possible for CLCL-Instruction

SH-specific

• 9365 segfault in gen_far_branch (config/sh/sh.c)
• 10392 optimizer generates faulty array indexing
• 11322 SH profiler outputs multiple definitions of symbol
• 13069 gcc/config/sh/rtems.h broken
• 13302 Putting a va_list in a struct causes seg fault
• 13585 Incorrect optimization of call to sfunc
• Fix inappropriately exported libgcc functions from the shared library

Other embedded target specific

• 8916 [mcore] unsigned char assign gets hosed.
• 11576 [h8300] ICE in change_address_1, in emit-rtl.c
• 13122 [h8300] local variable gets corrupted by function call when -fomit-frame-pointer is given
• 13256 [cris] strict_low_part mistreated in delay slots
• 13373 [mcore] optimization with -frerun-cse-after-loop -fexpensive-optimizations produces wrong code on mcore

GNU HURD-specific

• 12561 gcc/config/t-gnu needs updating to work with --with-sysroot

Tru64 Unix specific

• 6243 testsuite fails almost all tests due to no libintl in LD_LIBRARY_PATH during test.
• 11397 weak aliases broken on Tru64 UNIX

AIX-specific

• 12505 build failure due to defines of uchar in cpphash.h and sys/types.h
• 13150 WEAK symbols not exported by collect2

IRIX-specific

• 12666 fixincludes problem on IRIX 6.5.19m

Solaris-specific

• 12969 Including sys/byteorder.h breaks configure checks

Testsuite problems (compiler is not affected)

• 10819 testsuite creates CR+LF on compiler version lines in test summary files
• 11612 abi_check not finding correct libgcc_s.so.1

Miscellaneous

• 13211 using -###, incorrect warnings about unused linker file are produced

---

GCC 3.3.4

This is the list of problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracking system that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.4 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).

---

GCC 3.3.5

This is the list of problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracking system that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.5 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).

---

GCC 3.3.6

This is the list of problem reports (PRs) from GCC's bug tracking system that are known to be fixed in the 3.3.6 release. This list might not be complete (that is, it is possible that some PRs that have been fixed are not listed here).