Python Programs

Python Programs | Python Programming Examples

Last Updated : 17 Mar 2025

Python is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages globally. Due to its easy syntax, it is often the preferred choice for most programmers, especially beginners. To make your hands strong in Python, it is better to upscale your logical concepts and programming skills.

The following sections contain a wide range of Python programming examples. These Python code examples cover the Python language, including Lists, Strings, Dictionaries, Tuples, sets, and many more.

What is the Python Programming Language?

Unlike many other programming languages, Python is well known for its simplicity and readability due to having a high-level interpretation that makes it not complicated to understand. Developed by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and released to the public, Python ranks among the most sought-after programming languages today, alongside Shell Script, Java, C++, and Perl, used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more.

What is a Program?

A program, in the realm of programming languages of computer science and software development, is a definition of a set of instructions in a certain language which are given a task or tasked to resolve a particular problem. These guides are known as the code. They are written in a language, which a computer can follow in order to fulfil the result that we want.

Lets see the list of Python programs from basics to advanced in the entire tutorial.

To begin, we will start with the basic concept in Python. Practicing the basics will strength the fundamental syntax and programming logic of Python. In this section, we will explore the common Python programming examples.

In the next section we will see the list of programs based on functions.

Before we going to see the list of programs based on functions l, let us know what is a function.

What is a Function in Python?

In the field of computer science, a function is a code that has a self contained block of code and performs a concrete job or operation. Abilities of functions are made to divide program into modules and they are reusable, this makes programming more readable, concise and convenient to debug.

Python Function Programs

What is Python Number?

In Python, Numbers are a fundamental data type used to represent and manipulate numerical values. Python has support for three types of numbers, including integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. These numbers are defined as int, float, and complex classes in Python.

Python Number Programs

Python program to check if the given number is a Disarium Number
Python program to print all disarium numbers between 1 to 100
Python program to check if the given number is Happy Number
Python program to print all happy numbers between 1 and 100
Python program to determine whether the given number is a Harshad Number
Python program to print all pronic numbers between 1 and 100
Python program to print first ten natural numbers.
Python Progran to check an Armstrong number or not

What is an Array?

An array, one of the most important elements, is used in computer science as a fundamental data structure in which a collection of elements is stored in the contagious memory locations and all these data are usually of one type. The arrays give the chance to grouped and access data in a consecutive chunk of memory space. They can be accessed through their indices or positions in the array.

Let's see the list of programs based on an arrays below:

Python Array Programs

Python program to copy all elements of one array into another array
Python program to find the frequency of each element in the array
Python program to left rotate the elements of an array
Python program to print the duplicate elements of an array
Python program to print the elements of an array
Python program to print the elements of an array in reverse order
Python program to print the elements of an array present on even position
Python program to print the elements of an array present on odd position
Python program to print the largest element in an array
Python program to print the smallest element in an array
Python program to print the number of elements present in an array
Python program to print the sum of all elements in an array
Python program to right rotate the elements of an array
Python program to sort the elements of an array in ascending order
Python program to sort the elements of an array in descending order
Python Program to Merge Two Arrays into a Single Array
Python Program to Insert an Element into an Array
Python Program to Delete an Element from an Array

What is a Matrix?

In Computer Science, a matrix is an abbreviation of a two dimensional array, where the elements are retrieved via providing both horizontal and vertical indices or coordinates.

Matrices are being used in the areas like computer graphics, machine learning, and numerical simulations for example image processing, coarse-grained data analysis, and solving systems of equations.

Let's see the list of python programs based on Matrix below:

Python Matrix Programs

Python Program to Add Two Matrices
Python Program to Multiply Two Matrices
Python Program to Transpose a Matrix
Python Program to Perform Matrix Rotation
Matrix Concatenation Program
Python Program to Print Inverse of a Matrix
Matrix Rank Calculation
Python Program to perform vertical Concatenation in Matrix
Python Program to fetch the Kth Column of Matrix

What is a String?

In the programmes of computers, "string" is known as a series of character(s), mostly used for the representation of the texts. Impressively, most programming languages, including Python, have a choice of using either single quote (') or double quote (").For example:

Now we will see the list of python programs based on Strings below.

Python String Programs

Python Program to Sort Words in Alphabetic Order
Python Program to Remove Punctuation From a String
Python Program to reverse a string
Python Program to convert list to string
Python Program to convert int to string
Python Program to concatenate two strings
Python Program to generate a Random String
Python Program to convert Bytes to string
Python Program to check whether given string is a palindrome or not
Python Program to print length of a string
Python Program to reverse the characters of a string
Convert the string into lowercase to uppercase
Convert the string into uppercase to lowercase
Python Program to find the occurrence of a substring within a string
Python Program to convert Hexadecimal String to Decimal String
Python program to check if a Substring is Present in the String
Python program to convert Snake case to Pascal case
Python program to print even length words in a string
Python program to accept the strings which contains all vowels
Python program to count the Number of matching characters in a pair of String
Python program to Remove all duplicates from a given string
Python program to check to find the Least Frequent Character in String
Python program to find the Maximum frequency character in String
Python program to check if the given String contains any special character
Python Program to check if the string is binary string or not
Python Program to find the uncommon words in two Strings
Python Program to replace duplicate Occurrence
Python Program to replace multiple words with K in the given String
Python Program to find the permutation of the string
Python Program to check for URL in a String
Python Program to find a String of Code
Python Program to perform string slicing to rotate a string
Python Program to perform String slicing to check if a string can become empty by recursive deletion
Python Program to find all duplicate characters
Remove Multiple Characters from a String in Python

What is a List?

From Python a "list" is a decked-out data structure that you can keep different items in and access them depending on the position. The support of the built-in data type, sequence of elements within square brackets [ ], is one of the many functions that sets Python apart. Such Lists can contain elements of mixed types, and these elements may be either numbers, strings, other lists or any other Python object.

Here's an example of a simple list:

Lists offer several important characteristics:

Ordered: Agree to a list in which elements are added in order.
Mutable: Near the end of the list, there is a very distinct portion to be altered once the whole list and all its items have been created. Therefore, you can append, change, or delete components of the list.
Allows Duplicates: Sets cannot include similar elements.
Heterogeneous: Lists have the ability to contain elements of different data types.
Dynamic: List's dimension may change as and when elements are inserted or deleted thereof.

Below we will see the python Programs based on list.

Python List Programs

Python Program to append element in the list
Python Program to compare two lists
Python Program to convert list to dictionary
Python Program to remove an element from a list
Python Program to add two lists
Python Program to convert List to Set
Python Program to convert list to string
Python Program to remove duplicates from a list
Python program to print length of a list
Python program to clear a list
Python program to Reversing a List
Python program to find the sum of elements in List
Python program to multiply all numbers in the List
Python program to find the smallest number in a list
Python program to find the largest number in a list
Python program to find the second largest number in a list
Python program to find N largest elements from a list
Python program to find the even numbers in a list
Python program to find the Odd numbers in a List
Python program to print all even numbers in a range
Python program to print all odd numbers in a range
Python program to print positive numbers in a list
Python program to print negative numbers in a list
Python program to print all positive numbers in a range
Python program to print all negative numbers in a range
Python program to remove multiple elements from a list
Python program to remove empty List from List
Python program to calculate the average of list in Python
Python program to count the occurrences of an element in a list
Python program to remove empty tuples from a list
Python program to remove the duplicates from a list
Python program to calculate the sum of number digits in List
Python program to break a list into chunks of size N
Python program to sort the values of first List using second List
Python Program to Find Intersection of Two Lists

What is a Data Structure?

A data structure is a method of data storage in a computer where data is organized and arranged in a manner that allows the most effective access, modification, and processing. Data structures are used to structure and store data, providing users with functionality that enables fast searches and manipulation of information.

Linear Data Structures:

Non sequential structures such as linear data organization structures in accordance with the sequence order, where each element is positioned between its predecessor and successor. Examples include:

Arrays
Linked Lists
Stacks
Queues

Non-Linear Data Structures:

Non-lineer data structures facilitate in arranging the elements in a more intricate way creating relationship other than just the purely sequential predecessor-successor quote. Examples include:

Trees
Graphs
Heaps

Let's see list of Programs based on Singly Linked List.

Python Singly Linked List Programs

Python Doubly Linked List Programs

Python Dictionary Programs

Python Searching and Sorting Programs

Binary Search in Python
Linear Search in Python
Effective Root Searching Algorithms in Python
Bubble Sort in Python
Insertion Sort in Python
Heap Sort in Python
Merge Sort in Python
Recursive Insertion Sort in Python
QuickSort in Python in Python
Iterative Quick Sort in Python
Selection Sort in Python
Iterative Merge Sort in Python
Tim Sort in Python
Counting Sort in Python
ShellSort in Python
Topology Sorting in Python
Radix Sort in Python
Binary Insertion Sort in Python
Bitonic Sort in Python
Comb Sort in Python
Pigeonhole Sort in Python
Cocktail Sort in Python
Gnome Sort in Python
Odd-Even Sort / Brick Sort in Python
BogoSort or Permutation Sort in Python
Cycle Sort in Python
Stooge Sort in Python

Python Circular Linked List Programs

Programs Based on Queues

Python program to find the size of the queue
Python program to add elements in the queue
Python programs to delete elements from the queue
Python program to print peek element from the queue
Python program to check isFull() condition in a queue
Python program to check isEmpty() condition in a queue

Python Programs Based on Stack

Python program to perform push() operation
Python program to perform pop() operation
Python program to find length of the stack
Python program to print peek element from the stack

Python Programs Based on Trees

Python program to implement Binary Search Tree
Python program to implement Balanced Binary Tree
Python Program to implement AVL Trees

What is a Graph?

A graph is a non-linear data structure comprised of a set of vertices (or points that might be alternatively referred to as nodes) that are connected by edges (or links and arcs). Graphs are often pictorially illustrated to represent the relations between two variables. It can be implemented as an equivalent of real-life network structures, either social networks, road nets, channel connections, etc.

Here are some key components and characteristics of graphs:

1. Vertices (Nodes):

A simple graph is made up of dots, or vertices. The graph is visually constructed from the vertices which are the entities such as the people in a social network, the cities in a road network, and the routers in a computer network.

2. Edges (Links):

Nodes of a graph represent the relationships or linkages between any two vertices. While the direction of relationships may be either directed, which means the relationship is one-way, or undirected, which means that the relationship is two-way.

In a directed graph, for an edge, there is a directed flow or relationship attached to it, inducing an edge from one vertex to the other.

In a graph that has no direction (undirected graph), edges represents a mutual relationship of two vertices.

3. Path:

Putting together the vertices in the graph with the connecting edges is known as a path. Links may depict bypasses, relationships or links between graph's elements.

4. Cycle:

A cycle in a graph is the steps of a path that commence at the same vertex and go through all the vertices and edges of a graph.

Types of Graphs:

Graphs can be categorized into various types based on their properties and characteristics, including:

In the first graph (the directed graph), each node has an arrow that points to another node, expressing a certain relationship between them. In the second one, there are no arrows and the nodes are linked by lines expressing their relative position.

Weighted Graphs and Unweighted Graphs; These are two types of graphs used in standard network topologies.

DAGs (DAGs refers to directed graphs with no cycles), and Cyclic Graphs are two very important graph categories.
Bipartite Graphs
Complete Graphs

Let us see some python programs based on graphs.

Python Programs based on Graphs

Python program to implement Breath First Search
Python program to implement Depth First Search
Python program to find all connected components in an undirected graph using BFS or DFS

What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a set of steps scheduled and organized how to solve a problem or perform a certain computation. It is a description of a set of input data as well as the processing required to produce the desired result. The algorithms are in fact the main core behind the computer science as it is so efficient in solving numerous computation problems.

Python Programs Based on Algorithms

Python program to implement Linear Search
Python program to implement Binary Search
Python program to implement Bubble Sort
Python program to implement Insertion Sort
Python program to implement Selection Sort
Python program to implement Merge Sort
Python program to implement Quick Sort
Python program to Dijkstra's algorithm to find minimum spanning tree
Python program to implement Prims Algorithm
Python program to implement Kruskal's Algorithm
Python program to implement greedy algorithm to solve Fractional Knap Sack
Python program to solve coin change problem using greedy approach
Python program to solve N-Queen problem

File Handling in Python

File handling plays an important role in nay programming languages including Python, when the user wants to permanently store the data into the file. In this section, we will explore the different File Handing programming examples.

How to read CSV file in Python?
How to read JSON file in Python?
How to read a text file in Python?
How to Write in a Text File using Python?
How to Create Requirements.txt File in Python?
How to find 'n' Character Words in a Python Text File?
How to get the line number in which given word is present?
How to count the number of lines in a Python text file?
How to remove repeated lines from a Python file?
How to append the content of one file to another file in Python?

Other important Programs

Tower of Hanoi using Python
Python program to reverse a Linked List
Python Program to Print Pascal Triangle
Basic Euclidean algorithms in Python
Sieve of Eratosthenes in Python
Caesar Cipher in Python
How to clear Python shell
How to Print Pattern in Python
How to Convert Text to Speech in Python
Program of Cumulative sum in python
How to get the current date in Python?
Create BMI Calculator using Python
Python Program to Find Number of Days Between Two Given Dates

Python Programs FAQs

1. What is Python?

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It's widely used in web development, data science, automation, and more.

2. Who developed Python?

Python was created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991.

3. What is the latest version of Python?

As of mid-2025, the latest stable version is likely Python 3.12 (you can check on python.org).

4. Is Python case-sensitive?

Yes, Python is case-sensitive. For example, Variable and variable are different.

5. Why is Python so popular?

Because it is:

Easy to learn and write
Open-source
Has huge community support
Supports multiple domains (web, AI, automation, etc.)